Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/384

 B R I

jors, and adjutants, belonging to the brigade. When a de- tachment is to be made, the major-general of the day regu- lates with the brigade-majors, how many men and officers each irigade fliall fumifil; and they again with the adjutants of the regiments, how many each battalion is to fend, which the ad- jutants divide among the companies. The complements each regiment is to furnifh, are taken by the adjutant at the head of each regiment, at the hour appointed, who delivers them to the brigade-major at the head of the brigade, who again de- livers them to the major-general of the day, and he remits them to the officer who is to command the detachment. Vide Bland's Milit. Difcipl. c. 16. Art. 3. p. 233. Item, c. 19. Art. 1. p. 281, feq. Guill. Gent. Diet. P. 2. in voc.

BRIGADIERS Ifiycl.) are only general officers in their refpec- tive corps. They have no particular command out of their brigades, nor any place or vote in councils of war j they have no aids de camp to carry their orders, but only a major of bri- gade, to fee their orders executed, within the extent only of their own brigade. See the article Brigade-wo/m-. Brigadiers of the horfe-guards command as youngeft captains

&i-BRlCADiER of a troop of horfe-guards, an affiftant of the brigadier. Fafch. Ing. Lex. p. I2z.

BRIGANDINI, Brigantini, Brigandinarii, or Bri- gancii, in middle age writers, military thieves, or highway- men, who infefted France and the Netherlands. Cafeneuv. Orig. Franc, p. 28. voc. Brigans. DuCange, Gloff. Lat. T r. p. 67.2. voc. Brigancii. See the article Braeanciones.

BRIGGS'j Logarithms, See the article Logarithm.

BRIGITTINS, or Bridgetins, more properly Bircittins, a religious order denominated from their foundrefs St. Bridgit, or Birgit, a Swedifh lady in the fourteenth century, whom fome reprefent as a queen ; but Fabricius, on better grounds, as a princefs, the daughter of king Birgerus, legiflator of Up- land: fhe is famous for her revelations. Fabric. Bibl. Med. Mv. Latin. T. 1. I. 2. p. 764. voc. Brigitta. The Brigittins are fometimes alfo called the Order of our Sa- viour ; it being pretended that Chrift himfelf dictated the rules and conftitutions obferved by them, to St. Bridget. In the main, the rule is that of St. Auguftin ; only with certain ad- ditions fuppofed to have been revealed by Chrift ; whence they alfo denominate it the Rule of our Saviour. The firft monaftery of the Bridgetin order was ere3ed by the foundrefs, about the year 1 344, in the diocefe of Lincopen on the model of which all the reft were formed. The confti tution of thefe houfes were very Angular : though the order was principally intended for nuns, who were to pay a particu- lar honour to the holy Virgin, there are alfo friars of it, to minifter to them fpiritual afliflance. The number of nuns is fixed at fixty in each monaftery, and that of friars to thirteen, anfwerable "to the number of the apoftles, of whom St. Paul made the thirteenth ; bcfides which there are to be four dea- cons, to reprefent the four doctors of the church, St. Ambrofe. St. Auguftin, St. Gregory, and St. Jerom, and eight lay-bro- thers ; making together, fays our authors, the number of Chrift's fcventy-two difciples.

The order being inftituted in honour of the Virgin, the direc- tion is committed to an abbefs, who is fuperior not only of the nuns, but alfo of the friars, who are obliged to obey her. Each houfe confifts of two convents, or monafteries, feparate- lyinclofed, but one church in common ; the nuns being placed above, and the friars on the ground.

The Bridgetins profefs great mortification, poverty, and felf denial, as well as devotion ; and they are not to poffefs any thing they can call their own, not fo much as a halfpenny, nor even to touch money on any account. See Stev. Supplem. to Dugd. Monaft. T. 2. p. 230 — 233. Walfmgh. ap. Reyn. Apoft. Bened. p. i65.

This order fpread much through Sweden, Germany, the Ne- therlands, cifr. In England we read but of one monaftery of Brigittins, and this built by Henry V. in 1413, oppofite to Richmond, now called Sion-houfe ; the antient inhabitants of which, fince the diffolution, are fettled at Lifbon. The reve- nues were reckoned at 1945 /. per annum. Dugd. Monaft, T. z. p. 360. Abr. p. 155.

BRIGNOTES, or Brugnotes, a kind of dried prunes, brought from Provence, chiefly from the town of Brugnote, from which the denomination is given to them all. Savar. Diet. Comm. T. 1. p. 492. Menag, Orig. p. 137.

BRIM, the utmoft edge of a tiling, as of a glafs, plate, or the like.

The brims of veffels are made to project a little over, to hinder liquors, in pouring out, from running down the fide of the veffel.

The briming, or brimming of veffels, was contrived by the an- tient potters, in imitation of the fupercilium or drip of the cornices of columns ; it is done by turning over fome of the double matter when the work is on the wheel. Evel. Account of Archie, p. 38.

Among florifts, the brim of a flower denotes the outward edge of the petala, or that part thereof which turns. See the ar- ticle Floweii.

A fow is faid to brim, or go to brim, when fhe takes the boar. Ruft.Dift. T.i. in voc.

B R 1

The hart goes to rut, the roe to iourn, the boar to him. Cox$ Gent. Recr. P. I. p. n.

BRIMSTONE. See the article Sulphur.

Br f mstone Marble, a preparation of brimftone Jn imitation of marble.

To do this, you muft provide yourfelf with a flat and fmooth piece of marble ; on this make a border or wall, to encompafs either a fquare or oval table, which may be done either with wax or clay. Then having provided fevcral forts of colours, as white-lead, vermilion, lake, orpiment, mafticot, fmalt, PrufHan blue, &c. melt on a flow fire fome brimftone, in fe- veral glazed pipkins; put one particular fort of colour into each, and ftir it well together; then having before oiled the marble all over within the wall, with one colour quickly drop fpots upon it, of larger and lefs fize ; after this, take another colour and do as before, and fo on, till the ftone is covered with fpots of all the colours you defign to ufe. When this is done, you are next to confider what colour the mafs or ground of your table is to be ; if of a grey colour, then take fine lif- ted afhes, and mix it up with melted brimftone ; or if red, with Englifh red oaker ; if white, with white-lead ; if black, with lamp or ivory black. Your brimftone for the ground muft be pretty hot, that the coloured drops on the ftone may unite and incorporate with it. When the ground is poured even all over, you are next, if judged neceffary, to put a thin wain- fcot board upon it: this muft be done whilftthe brimftone is hot, making alfo the board hot, which ought to be thorough- ly dry, in order to caufe the brimftone to flick the better to it. When the whole is cold, take it up, and poliih it with a cloth and oil, and it will look very beautiful. Smith's Laboratory, p. 248, feq.

Brimstone Medals, Figures, Sec. may be caft in the following manner: Melt halfapound of brimftone overagentle fire ; with this mix half a pound of fine vermilion, and when you have cleared the top, take it off the fire, ftir it well together, and it will difiblve like oil ; then caft it into the mould, which muft firft be anointed with oil. When cool, the figure may be ta- ken out ; and, in cafe it fhould change to a yellowifh colour, you need only wipe it over with aqaa-fortis, and it will look like the fineft coral. Vid. Smith, lib. cit. p. in.

BR1NDONES, in natural hiftory, the name of a fruit of the Eaft Indies, called by John Bauhine, and fome other botanical authors, Indict fruflus rubentes acidi. Garcias fays, that it grows plentifully in Goa, and that it is of a redifh colour on the outfide, and extremely red within, and of an acid tafte ; and that it grows black on the outfide as it mellows, and then becomes much lefs four to the tafte. It is by many accounted a delicious fruit, notwithftanding its greatfharpnefo, and is ufed by the dyers, and in making vinegar. Hay's Hift. Plant.

BRINE (CycL) amounts to the fame with the Latin muria % jal- fedo b, falfilago, and the Greek « v c « — [ a Caft. Lex. Med, p. 513. Calv. Lev. Jur. p. 602. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T.2.P.23*. voc. Muria. b Caft. lib. cit. p. 6+8. voc. Salfedo. c Gorr. Med. Defin. p. 22. Caft. ubifup. p. 380. voc. Halme.] Brine is either native, as the fea-water, which by co&ion turns to fait ; or factitious, formed by diflolving fait in water. Coll. Difc. Salt, p. 1, 4, 18, 29. Rul. Lex. Alch. p. 340. voc. Mu- ria. Kirch. Mund. Subter. 1. 6. feet. 1. c. 5. T. 1. p. 302. In the falt-works at Upwick inWorcefterfhire, there are found, at the fame time, and in the fame pit, three forts of brine, each of a different ftrength. They are drawn by a pump, and that in the bottom, firft brought up, is called firft man, the next middle man, the third /aft man. Phil. Tranf. N° 142. p. io6r.

Leacb-BRiKE, a name given to what drops from the corned fait in draining and drying, which they preferve and boil again ; being ftronger than any brine in the pit. Hought. Collect. T. 2. N° 211. p. 81.

There is fand found in all the Staffordihire brines after coction - y but naturalifts obferve, it did not pre-exiif. in the water, but ra- ther is the product of the boiling. Philofoph. Tranf. N° r 45. p. 96.

The brine at Northwich is found to ftink of fulphur % Brine freezes with great difficulty b. Some fteep their feed-wheat in brine, to prevent the fmut c. Brine is alfo commended as of efficacy againft gangrenes d. — [ a Phil. Tranf. N° 156. p. 489. b Junck. Confp. Chem. tab. 18. p. 426. c -SjW/. New Im- prov. Gard. P. 3. p. 68. d Junck. lib. cit. tab. 9. p. 88.]

Brine alfo denotes a pickle pregnant with fait, wherein things are fteepedto keep. Caft. hex. Med. p. 380. voc. Halme. Dutch beef, before it is hung up, is fteeped in a brine made of fait and nitre boiled, and when cold, vinegar added. Hought. Collea T. 1. N°i67- p-437-

BRiNE-fiowj, the pits wherein the fait- water is retained, and fuf- fered to ftand, to bear the action of the fun, whereby it is con- verted into fait.

There are divers forts of falt-pans, as the water-pan, fecond pan, fun-pan ; the water being transferred orderly from one to another. Coll. Difc. of Salt and Fifh. p. 29, feq.

Brine-/>//, in fait making, the fait fpring from whence the wa- ter to be boiled into fait is taken. There are of thefe fprings in many places ; that at Namptwich in Chefhire, is alone fuffi-

cient