Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/344

 BOC

ttaet', iheGcrmzns, unter bootf-mann ; and the French, kj/eman, xn fecond centre maitre. Ftsfeh. Ing. Lex. p. 11O, feq. voc. imter bootf-mann. Item. p. nz. xoc. bojfeman. Aubin, Diet. Math. p. 1 10. voc. bojfeman.

BOB of a pendulum, the fame with its ball ; except that the for- mer is ufed in fpcaking of fhort pendulums, the latter of long ones. Derh. Artif. Clockmak. c. i. p. 4. See Pendulum, Cycl. and Suppl,

Bob, in ringing, denotes a peal confift'mg of feveral courfes, or fets of changes.

BOBBING, or Bobbin, in the manufaaory of lace, a little piece of turned wood, whereon thread is wound, to be ufed in the weaving of bone-lace. Hstight. Collect. T. 2. p. 4.C4. The French alio give the denomination bobtne to what among lis is more properly called zfpool or quill a. In which they are alfo followed by feveral Englifh b .— [ * Savor. Diet. Comm. T. 1. p. 376. b Skhm. Etym. in voc.

Bobbing, among fifhermen, a particular manner of catching eels different from /niggling.

Bobbing for eels is thus performed : they fcour well fome large lobs, and with a needle run a twifted filk through them from end to end, taking fo many as that they may wrap them about a board a dozen times at feaft: then they tie them faff with the two ends of the filk, that they may hang in fo many hanks ; which done, they faften all to a ftrong cord, and, about an handful and an half above the worms, fix a plummet three- quarters of a pound weight, and make the cord faft to a ftrong pole. With this apparatus fifhing in muddy water, they feel the eels tug luftily at the bait; when they think they have fwallowed it Efficiently, gently draw up the rope to the top, and bring them afhore. Cox, Gent. Recr. P. 4. p. 39. Di<St. Ruft. in voc. eel-fjhing.

BORISATIO, or Bocedisatio, in mufic, denotes the ufing the feven fyllables bo, ce, di, ga, lo, ma, fit, to exprefs the feven mufical notes, in lieu of the fix ufual ones introduced by Are- tine, ut, re, mi,fa,/ol, la, as has been fometimes done by the Netherland and German muficians fince the beginning of the feventeenth century, to avoid the mutation neceffary in the ufc of thefe latter. Walth. Lex. Muf. p. 97.

BOCA, in ichthyology, the name given by Paulus Jovius to the bece of Ariftotle, called the hops, from the largenefs of its eyes. It is afpecies of the fparm, and is dirtinguifhed by having four parallel longitudinal gold and filver-colourcd lines on each fide. Gaza and fome others call it voca ; and the Italians boga.

BOCAMOLLE, in zoology, a name given by fome to a very laige and long Brafilian fifh, more ufually called by its Brafi- llan name, pira jurumenbeca. IFillugbby, Hift. Pifc. p. 333.

BOCCA, in zoology, a name by which fome authors have called the fifh, more commonly known by the name of the

■ wano/copuSy or ftargazer. Aldrovand. de Pifc. p. 258.


 * ■ It is a fpecies of the trachinus, dirtinguifhed from the other

, kinds by having a great number of beards on the lower-jaw. See Trachinus.

Bocc/*, in glad- making, the round hole in the working furnace, by which the metal is taken out of the great pots, and by which the pots are put into the furnace. This is to be flop- ped with a cover made of earth and brick, and immoveable at pleafure, to preferve the eyes of the workmen from the vio- lence of the heat. Neri, Art of Glafs, p. 242.

BOCCALE, or Bocal, a liquid meafure ufed at Rome, an- fvvering to what among us is called a bottle, being equivalent to about an Englifh quart. Seven boccalcs and an half make the rubbia. Savar. Diet Comm. T. 1. p. 376.

BOCCARELLA, in the glafs manufacture, a fmall hole or ap- perture of the furnace, one of which is placed on each fide the bocca, almoft horizontally with it. Out of them the fervitors take coloured or finer metal from the piling pot. Merret, Obferv. on Neri, p. 242. Sec Bocca.

BOCCONIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants ; the characters of which are thefe : the cup is an oval, obtufe, and hollow fpatha, confiding of two leaves : the flower is com- nufed of four extremely narrow petals : the ftamina are a num- ber of filaments about twelve, which are very fhort : die ainhcrx are oblong and erect : the germen of the piftil is large and roundifh, but contracted on each fide : the ftyle is finale, and {lightly divided into two: the ftigmata are finglc:die fruit is of an oval, oblong figure, contracted on each fide, and fomewhat comprefl'ed : it is filled with pulp; and has only one cell, in which there is a fingle globofe kcd. Linnai, Gen. Plant, p. 228. Plunder, p. 25.

BOCK, in ichthyology, the name given by Ariftotle, and many Other of the anticnt Greek .writers, to the fifh commonly

. called by authors boops.. Jt is afpecies of the fparus. See Boca and Sparus.

BQCK1NG herrings in the Dutch trade, fignifies the fame with . bloated herring among us. Savar. Diet. Comm. Suppl. p .. "4. See Bloat td.

BOCKLAND,(6W.) inantient law-writers, denotes a poffeflion -or inheritance held by evidence in writing. The word was doubtlefs written bockland, quafi book-land, an-

. fwering to free land It ftood oppofed to -folkknd, which was that held without writing. See Folkland and Copyhold,

BOD

BODIANO, in zoology, the name of an Amercian fijn, of [he fee of a perch, with a purple back, and yellow fides and belly. It is more ufually known among authors by the name pudiano. Rar, Ichtbyogr. p. 339. See the article Pudiano.

BODTY, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of American fnake of the ampbisbana kind, called alfo ibijara. See Ibijara.

BODY (Cycl.)— According to the Peripatetics, body differs from matter, as a part from the whole, or an clement from a mixt. Wall. Introd. adPhilof. 1- z. c. 3. §. 12. p. 24K Among the mechanical philofophers, body and matter generally denote the fame thing ; yet, on fome occaiions, they feem to diftinguifh between them, as when fpeakins of the porofity of bodii^ they fay, there is but little matter in fuch a body. Vid. Mem. Acad. Scienc. ann. 1709. p. 177. The Cartefians are great abetters of the identity of matter and body ; yet M. Cordemoy, othcrwife a retainer of the Cartefian fcheme, makes a difference between them. Body, according to this writer, is indiyifible cxtenfion, and matter an aflem- blage of fuch bodies, but diyifiblc. Phil. Tranf. N° 17 p 3°7-

Body generally Hands contradiftinguifhed from fpirit ; though, in Spinofa's and the Chincfe fyftcm, this difference is fet afide, and body and fpirit fuppofed to be the fame fubffance under dif- ferent modifications. Mr. Hobbs likewife affirms fpirits to be bodies, the exiftence of any fubftancc not corporeal being re- jected by him. Hob. of Hum. Nat. c. 1 1. §. 5. p. 136. The Chinefe philofophers reafon thus : among an infinite num- ber of properties, all equally contained in the nature of beinn-, we are fometimes affecfed with its extenfion, mobility, foli- dity, figure, and colour; in which cafe we call it fimply body, or matter. Sometimes we add moving force to the former' which conftitutcs what we call a living being. Sometimes' again, we confider it as poffeffed with fenfe, will, and under- Handing; in which cafe we allow it a foul, mind, or fpirit. On this footing, the feveral properties of being, however dif- ferent from each other in the impreffions they make on us, are no-ways different as to their real nature ; fince they all cxift ncceffarily with an infinity of others, and partake alike of one and the fame infinite and unalterable exiftence. Print in Mem. Acad. Jnfcrip. T. 9. p. 364.

The true notion of body is hard to frame, and philofophers are not yet agreed on it ; the rather as the purfuit leads to the per- plexing controverfy de ccmpofitione coi.tinui. Boyle, Phil. Work, abridg. T. 2. p. zio.

Some place the effence of body in folidity, or impenetrability; others in weight or gravity; others iii cxtenfion; others \n mobility. According to the firft of thefe, body is defined as fomewhat that perfectly fills a determinate quantity of fpace or extenfion, fo as ncceffarily to exclude all other bodies from being comprehended within the fame dimenfions ". Accord- ing to the fecond, body is defined as a thing which is receptive and communicative of motion and progreffion. Sir. W. Petty reprefents body as matter under fome figure b . The Cartefians define it any thing extended every way, or towards all fides, res qtioqtioverfis extenfa '. According to Wolfius, the effence of body confifts in its compofition, or mechanifm of parts, from which all its other properties refult, even cxtenfion itfelf, fince we cannot conceive a compounded body othcrwife than as ex- tended, or confifting of parts, at leaft poffible if not adua! ones d .— [ • Hook, Lefi. Cud. p. 3. ' p e tt. Difc. of

Duplic. Proport. p. 16. = Rohault, Traft. Phyf. P. 1] c.

V&&X"? l \ F ham - LeX - PhiI - P' J 5't H voc. 'corpus. d Wolf. Cofmol. §. 140. p. 120, feq.]

Dr. Hook places the effence of body in its mobility, or being receptive and communicative of motion, afferting, that, as to thofe other properties of extenfion or quantity, hardnefs, foft- nefs, (it. they are not the properties of body, but of motion In reality, according to this author, every fcnfible particle of matter owes the greateft part of its fenfible or potential exten- fion to its vibratory motion, whatever part thereof it ma" owe to body, according to the common notion thereof. Hook Lecf. de Potent. Reftit. p. 7.

To make this more intelligible, imagine a thin plate of iron, a foot fquare, moved with a vibratory motion forwards and backwards, flat-ways, the length of a foot, fo fwifdy as not to permit any other body to enter that fpace within which it vibrates ; this will compofe fuch an effence as I call, in my fenfe, a cubic foot of fenfible body, which differs from the com- mon notion of body, as this fpace of a cubit foot, thus defended by this vibrating plate, does not form a cubic fi ot of iron or the like, folid throughout. Hook, lib. cit. p, 8. Ajefuit, under the name of M. dcVille, in 1680, pub-lifted a treatife exprefs on Dcs Cartes's doctrine of the effence of body ; wherein he endeavours to fhew, that it leads to hercfy and Calvinifm ; that fuppofing this principle, it appears im- poffible for the body of Chrift to be prefent in the cucharift ac- cording to the doctrine of the church of Rome ; and' that Calvin's conclufion muff be allowed to be good, if Dcs Cartes's principle be true. Trev. Difl. Univ. T. 2. p. 2,4. VO c corps.

Dr. Hook fuppofes all the things in the univerfe, which be- come the objefls of our fenfes, to be compofed of body and motion. Thefe he confiders as diftindt effences ; but fuggefts,

that