Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/343

 BOA

B A

In this fenfe, we fay a work-hard, a {hop-board, a taylor's board-, &c. Board is alfo med for a fiat machine, dr frame, ufed in certain games, and the like.

In this fenfe, we fay a draught board, a chefs-^iwv/, a flioVel- board, and the like. Boards, in bookbinding. See Bookbinding, Cycl. Board, bureau, is alfo ufed for an office where accounts are taken, payments ordered, and the like. Davit. Explic. Term. Archit. p. 43 K. voc. bureau.

In this fenfe, we fay the board of works^ board of ordnance, board of treafury, and the like. Board of green cloth, a court of verge for the king's houfhold, compofed of the lord fleward, treafurcr, comptroller, matter, and cofferer of the houfhold, with clerks, &c. New View of Lond. §. 5. T. 2. p. 641. Board of trade, bureau de commerce, an office in the French polity, eftablifhed in 1723, compofed of eight perfons of ex- perience in commerce and navigation, where all papers and propofals relating to the improvement of trade are examined, and all difficulties which occur in affairs of navigation and commerce, either within or without the realm, arc difcuffed. Savar. Diet. Comm. Suppl. p. 91. voc. bureau. Board, or aboard, in the lea-language, is ufed in fpeaking of things within a (hip* n r other veflel. Fafch. Ing. Lex. p. 11 1 j fcq. voc. bort. Jtib'm. Diet. Mar. p. 10 1, feq. voc. lord. Mamvayr. Seam. Direct, in voc.

Hence, to go aboard Wgnih'cs to go into the {hip ; to heave over board, is to throw a thing out of the veflel into the fea ; to flip by the beard, is to flip down by the fhip's fide ; board and board, is when two fhips come fo near as to touch one another, or when they lie fide by fide.

A fhip is faid to make a good board, when fhe advances much at one tack.

Weather board is that fide of a fhip which is to windward. To hard a fhip is to enter an enemy's fhip in a fight. Guilt. Gent. Diet P. 3. in voc. See Boarding. To make a board, or, as it is otherwife expreffed, to hoard it up to a place, is to turn to windward ; which is done ftanding fometimes one way, fomctimes the other, to reach a place to the windward. In which it is to be noted, that the farther you ftand off on one point of the compafs, the better board you will make ; and that it is better making long boards than fhort ones, if you have fea-room. A long board is when you fland a great way off before you tack or turn j zjhort board h when you itand off a little ; a good board is when we have got up much to windward ; for fometimes we take a great deal of pains, and get little, either by reafon of a current or tide, that may take her on the weather-bow ; or by reafon of a head- fea, which may drive her to leeward, and hinder her way ; or becaufe the fhip may be a leeward fhip. Sometimes again, when it is a fmooth fea, a current under the lee-bow, and a good fhip by a wind, fhe will get a point or two more in the wind than we expect. But note, that a crofs-fail fhip In a lea cannot make her way nearer than fix points, unlefs there be a tide or current letting to windward. To leave a land on back-board,' is to leave it a-ftern or behind ; the hack-board being that which, in boats or fhips, we lean our backs againfl. A'lamvayr. loc. cit. BOARDING of a Jh/p, an attack made to take her, by entering men on her deck;-. When two fhips fight, the defendant may chufe whether the other fhall board him, except in the quarter, which is a bad place to board ; for that men can worn: enter there, in refpect it is the highefl: part of the flap's hull, and that there are only the mizen-fhrouds to enter by ; as alfo for that fhips are hottcft there, and men being entered, can do little good, and arc eafily lcoured off with mulkets from the dofe-fights. Mavwayr. Seam. Direct, in voc. Iii order fo hoards fhip, it is beft to bear directly up with her, and canfe all your ports to leeward to be beat open, and bring as many guns from the weather-fide thither as you have ports for j and then lay the 'enemy's fhip on board loof for loof, and order your tops and yards to be manned and furnifhed with necefiaries, and let all your fmall- fhet be in a readinefs j then charge at once with both fmall and great, and at the fame time enter your men in the fmoke, either on the bow of of the enemy's" fnip, or bring your mid-fhip clofe up with her quarter, and fo enter your men by the fhrouds : or, if you would ufe your ordnance, it is beft to board the enemy's fhip athwart her hawfe j for then you ufe moft of your great guns, and fhe only thofe of the prow. Let fome of your men en- deavour to cut down the enemy's yards and tackle, whilft others clear the decks, and beat the enemy from aloft ; then let the fkuttles and hatches be broke open with all fpecd, to avoid trains, and the danger of being blown up by barrels oi powder placed under the decks. Thus, your men being in poffemon of the fails and helm, and the enemy every way flowed below the decks, the fhip is taken, and all lies at your difcretion. Betel, Sea Dial. 6. p. 367, feq. Guilt. Gent. Diet. P. 3. in voc. BOARIA Lappa, a name given by the antlent Romans to the fruit or rough balls of the common sparine or clivers. Pliny calls this plant fometimes lappa, fometimes lappago ; and the

fiuit by the names o( lappa boaria, or lappa canina, and fome- times canaria.

B 9 A ¥^ A > or BoaeIna, ill zoology, the name of a very (mall bird, defenbed by Aldrovandus, and fome others, and iteming the fame fpecies with the mufcicata, or fly-catcher. See

MusdCAPA.

BOAT (C;c/.)~ The antients had their boats called tflai" ' i hilling boats Called lembi <• ; boats formed of fingle trees cut hollo*, called /^A«s and alveoli «, anfwerlng to the canow of the modern Indians, fcfr.— [ . Vid. Pitifc. Lex. Ant T. i.

r- fe3- voc. «a. 6 K. ita. T ^ p 35 voe llMu! _

1 Id. ibid. r. 2. p. 7 oo. vx.fcapbt:. Item; T. i. p. 7 y. voc. amahs.] Sec Canow. Train sf Boats, a number of fmall veffels faftened to each other; afcendmg up the Loir in France, by fails when the wind ferves; otherwife towed by men, fometimes to the number Of feventy or eighty to a fingle rope. Savar, Dift. Comm. Suppl. p. 788. voc. equipes. Coach Boats, bateaux caches, more frequently called water-coaches^ are large covered boats, ufed chiefly on the river Seine, for the convenience of paffengcrs, and conveyance of all forts of goods. Savar. Difl. Comm. T. 1. p 299. voc. bateau. Boats belonging to a fhip of war are, the long-to, the ikiff or (hallop, and the barge. Botcl, Sea Dial. 4. p. 246. Long-Bo at, called alfo the /hip's boat, is the largeft and ftronicft boat belonging to a fhip that can be hoiftel aboard of her. It has a mail, fail, and oars, as other boats ; alfo a tiller to the rudder, which anfwers to the helm of a fhip. Her thaughts are the feats where the rowers fit; and her thowis the fmall pins between which the oars arc put when they row. Botcl, loc. cit. p. 247.

A fhip's boat is the very model of a fhip, and is built in parts in all things anfwerable to thofe which a fhip requires, both for failing and bearing a fail ; and they bear the fame names as to all the parts of a fhip under Water, as rake, run, item, ftern, bow, bildge, tic. Martw. Seam. Direfl. in voc. Its ufe is to weigh the anchor, bring goods, provilion, tic. to or from the fhip, and other ferviccs'as occaiion requires. The terms ufed in navigating a boat are, to trim the boat, that is, to keep her even ; to wind the boat, i. c. to bririg her head the other way ; free the beat, i. e. to fling out the water ; man the boat, i. e. let fome men go to row the boat. Gui'il. Gent. Dicl. P. 3. in voc.

The boat's gang includes thofe who ufe to row in the boat, which are the cockfon and his gang, to whom the charge of the boat immediately belongs. Find the boat, i. e. favc her from beating againft the fhip's fides. A bo'd boat is that which will endure a rough fea well.

A good long-boat will live in any grown fea, if the water be fometimes freed, unlefs the fea break very much. The rope by which it is towed at the fhip's ftern, is' called the boat-rope, to which, in order to keep the boat from fheering, they add another, called a gejl-rope.

To five the bows of the boat, which would be torn out with the twitches which the fhip under fail gives it, they ufed to fwite her, i. e. make fail a rope round by the gunwale, and to that fatten the boat-rope. Manw. Seam. Dirc-dr. Pleafure-Bo at among the antients. See Thai. amicus. Boat, fcapha, in furgcry, a fpecies of bandage, ufed when the crown of the head and the part between that and the forehead are to be bound. It isiikewife called tholus docleus. CcJI. Lex. Med. p. 654. voc. fcapha. SccBandace. Boat-/?;', a water infect, whofe back is fhaped much like the bottom of a boat ; the hind-legs, which arc thrice as Ion<* as the fore, aptly enough rcfemblino; a pair of oars Accordingly, contrary to all other creatures, he fwims, fays Moufet, on = h'is back. Moufet, de Infefl. 1. 2. c. 38. Grew, Muf. Reg. Societ. P. i. §. 7. c. 2. p. 171. BOATING, a kind of punifhment in ufe among the anticnt Pcrfians for capital offenders.

The manner of boating was thus : the pcrfon condemned to it being laid on his back in a boat, and having his hands ftretched out, and tied fait to each fide of it, had another boat put over him, his head being left out through a place n't for it. In this poiture they fed him, till the worms, which were bred in the excrements he voided as he thus lay, eat out his bowels, and fo caufed his death, which was ufually tfrenty days in effect- ing, the criminal lying all this while in moft exquifite tor- ments. Prideaux, Connect. P. I. T. 2. p. 368. BOATSWAIN (Cycl.) is the fame with what the Dutch call bootf-man ; the Germans, bootfmann, or over lootf-mann j and tile French, cotrtre maitre, or nochcr. Fttfch. Ingen. Lex. p. 1 1 o. voc. bootf-mann.

It is he fets the crew to work by direction of the matter, and fuperintends the handling the fails and bohfprit, calling or weighing anchor, and the like. Jubix, Didt. Mar. p. 271. voc. contre maitre. Ozan. Diet. Math, p 328. BoatswainV mate is an afliflant of that officer, who has the peculiar command of the long-boat for the fetting forth of anchors, weighing or fetching home an anchor, warping, towing, or mooring. He is alfo to give an account of his {tore. Guill. Gent. Dicl. P. 3. in voc.

This officer is the fame with what theDiitch caikd lootf-n

mast ;