Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/309

 B I C

B I D

BICE, orBisE, among painters, a blue colour, prepared from the lapis Armenus, formerly brought from Armenia, but now from the lilver mines in Germany, JValler, in Phil. Tranf. N" 179. p. 26. See Armenus lapis.

The word comes from the barbarous Latin bifus, or bifius ; and that, perhaps, from the French bis, grey, grifms; whence biftus panis. Vid. Du Cange, Glcff. Lat. T. 1. p. 565. Ski?i. Etym. in roc.

Bice bears the beftbody of all bright blues ufed in common work ; but it is the paleft in colour. It works indifferently Well ; but inclines a little to be fandy, and therefore requires ^ood grinding on a very hard ftone, and fhould be warned be- fore ufed. It lies belt near the eye of any blue now in ufe, except ultramarine. S?nith, Art of Paint, p. 2 r. We have alfo a green bice, made of the blue, with the addition of oroiment. It is of a fandy nature ; and therefore when ufed, which is rarely, it muff be wafted before ufe. Boyle, Phil. Work, abridg. T. 2. p. 68. Smith, ubi fupra. See the article Colours. BICEPS, {Cyci) in anatomy, is a double mufcle, made up of two long, flefhy bodies, more or lefs round, lying by the fide of each other on the middle anterior part, and a little to- wards the infide of the arm. Thefe two bodies are feparated above, each of them ending in a fmall tendon. Biceps femoris, a mufcle made up of two portions, one long, the other fhort, and ending in one* common tendon. Both portions are flefhy, and considerably thick, and are fituated on the back and outfide of the thigh, between the buttock and the ham. The great portion is fixed above by a ftrong ten- don, in the pofferior and lower part of the tubcrofvty of the ifchium, under the infertion of the inferior gemellus, and clofe behind that of the feminervofus : from thence it runs down to- wards the lower extremity of the thigh, where it meets the other portion, and joins with it, forming a common tendon. The fmall portion is fixed by flefhy fibres to the outfide of the linea afpera, below its middle, and to the fafcia lata, where it forms a feptum between the triceps and vaftus externus : from thence the fibres run down a little way, and then meeting the ereat portion, a common tendon is formed between them, This ftrono- tendon runs down to the outer and back part of the knee, and is inferted in the lateral ligament of the joint. and in the head of the fibula, by two very fhort tendinous branches. It fometimes fends off a tendinous expanfion. which is often unskilfully cut oft with the fat. As they run down, they become contiguous, and afterwards clofely united by one common broad tendon. The antients, who looked on the two fuperior extremities as two heads, thence gave it the name of biceps; but it may be more properly called, from its infertion, the coraco radialis. It is fixed by one of the fuperior tendons to the apex of the coracoide apophyfis of the fcapulaononefideof the tendon of the coraco brachialis, which adheres very ffrongly to it. This tendon of the biceps is broad- er and fhorter, and is fituated more internally than the other ; and the flefhy body belonging to this tendon is longeff, and confequently runs higheft up. The other fuperior tendon is fmaller and longer than the former, and the flefhy body belong- ing to it fhorter, and more compounded. This tendon is lodged in the bony channel of the os humeri, being furrounded by a membranous vagina continued from the capfular liga- ment, and ending at the flefhy body, where it is intirely clofed. At the upper part of the groove, the tendon runs between the infertions of the tendons of the fupra fpinatus and fubfcapula ris, paffes immediately over the head of the bone within the capfular ligament, then leaving the joint between the two ten- dons juft mentioned, is covered by another fhort vagina, and is inferted in the glenoide cavity, in the fuperior imprefiiou of the neck of the fcapula, near the bafis, or the coracoide apo- phyfis. The two flefhy bodies thus feparately fixed by their fuperior tendons, approach by degrees, as they defcend, and, I before they reach the middle of the os humeri, they are clofely united, and form afterwards a common tendon of a confiderable breadth, which is inferted laterally in the poffe- rior edo-e of the tuberofity at the neck of the radius. This inferior or common tendon of the biceps, a little before its in- fertion, fends off towards the interior condyle an aponeurofis, which encreafing obliquely in breadth on the fame fide, covers the inner and back parts of almoft the whole fore arm, efpe- cially the mufcles which He upon the ulna, where it is infen- fibly loft. It likewife ffrongly adheres to the pronator teres, and radialis internus, on the fore-fide of the joint of the elbow.

Both the flefiiy bodies of the biceps contribute to the formation of the aponeurofis, each of the two portions, of which the common tendon is made up of, furnifhing a feries of tendin- ous fibres, which covering the forefide of the true tendon, unite near the internal condyle by a particular kind of inter- texture, and thus form tire aponeurofis. IVinflcufs Anatomy, p. 106. BICHET, acorn-meafure, containing about a Paris minot, chiefly ufed in Burgundy and the Lyonois. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. I- p. 1 026. BICIN1UM, in church-mufic, the finging of two, cither toge- ther or alternately. Ifid.Qn%. I. 6- c. 19. Durand. Ratio- nal. 1. i.e. 1. p. 18. Du Cange, Glofl". Lat. T. 1. p, 550. Suppl. Vol. L

In which fenfe, the word ffands oppofed to monody. See

M.'NODY, Cycl.

BICKERN of an anvil, the pike or beak-iron. Moxon, Mechan.

Exerc. P. \. p. 3. See Anvil, Cycl. and Suppl. BICLINIUM, in antiquity, two beds about a table; or, as fome fay, rather a bed whereon two perfons lie to eat. Pilifc. Lex. Antiq. T. 1. p. 277. See Bed. BICORNE os, or two-homed bone, in anatomy, the fame with the os hyoidts. Gorr. Med. Def. p. 479. invoc. Drake, An- throp. I. 3. c. 15. p. 350. SeeHyoiDEs. BICORNIS. in anatomy, an extenfor mufcle of the arm, other- wife denominated radians externus, and extenfor carpi radialis. Drake, Anthrop 1. 4. c. 6. p. 419. Heijl. Cornp. Anat. §. 335- P- 281. SeeRADiiEus. Bicornis pollkis manrn is the proper extenfor mufcle of the thumb ; fometimes alfo, from the number of its horns, called tricornis. Heijl. Comp. Anat. §. 33S. p. 283. It takes its rife from the pofferior and middle part of the radius and ulna, and is inferted in the firft, fecond, and third pha- lanx. BICORPOREA_y7^H(7, thofe figns of the zodaic which have two bodies, or connff of two figures. Wolf. Lex Math. p. 256. Vital. Lex. Math. p. 85.

Such are gemim, or the twins ; alfo pifces, z.^Afagittarius^ con- futing of a man and a horfe. BIDAL, or Bidale, in our ahtient cufloms, denotes the invi- tation of friends to drink ale at fome poor man's houfe, who, in confidcration hereof, experts fome contribution for his re- lief.

This cuftom ffill obtains in the weft of England, and is men- tioned in fome of our antient ilatutes. Vid. Stat. 26 Hen. 8. c. 6. Skim:. Etym. in voc. BIDALDI, an antient kind of foot-foldiers mentioned by the French hifforians, armed with two darts. Aquin. Lex. Milit. T. 1. p. 7 28.

Hence the origin of the word, which feems to be a corruption for bidardi or a binis dardis. They are alfo called bidarii, bl- daus, bideaux, bichuts, and pitauts. Cafen. Orig. p. 24. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. roiy. BIDDING is ufed for proclaiming or notifying.

In which fenfe, we fometimes meet with bidding the banns. See Bann, Cycl. and Suppl.

One part of the office of deacons, in the antient church, was to bidd the prayers by certain known forms of words ; that is; to notify to the people when each part of the fervice began. Bingb. Orig. Ecclef. 1. 2. c. 20. §. 10. Bjddin G-prayers alfo denote an indirect kind of prayers, anti- ently called ,-u;/«s &« ^tu-pw^e-e^, wherein no petitions were immediately addreffed to God ; but the people, efpecially the catechumens, energumeni, and competentcs, weve called on^ or exhorted to pray, and inflructed what to pray for. Idem, ibid. 1. 15 c. 1. §. 2.

We have a form cf thefe bidding-prayers in the apoffolical con- ftitutions, tranferibed from thence by Bingham. Bidding alfo denotes the raifing the price of a thing at a fale or auction. See Auction, Cycl.

This anfwers to what the Romans called lidtari ; the French encherir. The antients ufed to bid by holding up the hand or finger. Vid. Pitifc. Lex. Antiq. T. 2. p. 88. voc. licitotio, Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 535. voc. lidtari. Savor. Diet. Comm. T. 1. p. 1813. Bidding of the' beads, a charge or warning which the parifh- prieft gave to his parifhioneni at certain fpecial times, to fay fo many pater-nojlcrs, &c. on their beads. Skimi. h Cowel. iri voc. BIDENS, in botany, the name of a genus of plants; the characters of which are thefe : the flower is ufually of the regular flofculous' kind, compofed of a number of fmall flofcules, divided into feveral fegments at their ends, placed on the embryos, and con- tained in one common fcaly cup. Sometimes thefe are alfo a number of femiflofcules in the flower; but this is lefs common. The embryos finally ripen into feeds, terminating in feveral prickly points. See Tab 1. of Botany, ClaiT. 12. The ipecies of lidens, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe :

1. The common bidens, with leaves divided into three parts.

2. The bidens, with undivided leaves. 5. The broad-Ie.".ved Canada bidens, with gold-yellow flowers. 4. The whole leaved American bidens^ with white flowers. 5. The fmal- lage leaved American bidens. 6. The hawk-weed leaved In- dian bidens, with alated ftalks. 7. The trifoliate American bidens, with daify-like fiowers. 8. The American bidt-ns,\vhh roundifh bulhted kaves o. The American bidens, with ob- long, bullated, and linuous leaves. 1 o. The ilex leaved ihrub American bidens, with yeliow flowers. 1 1 . The fhrubby American bidens, with the leaves and appearance of the cow- parfnip; 12. The trifoliate angelica-leaved American bidens, with yellow radiated flowers. 13. The five leaved Ameri- can bidens, with radiated flowers. Town. Inft. p. d.62. Bidens is a tali, large, aquatic plant, recommended as good againft pt.ifon and the bite of ferpents. It is alfo eficemed a detergent, and iifcd in ffe mutator ies. The name bidens has been given it from the pointed figure of its feed, which re- ferable a fork. Vid. Lcrner. Diet, des Dreg in voc.

4 T B1DENTAL,