Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/308

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Bibliotheca Is alfo ufed for a colle3ion of the Writings of fe- veral authors in the fame kind. Du Pin. Bibl. des Aut. Ecclcf. T. I. Prcf. p. 3.

In this fenfe, we have bibliathecas of the fathers, of afcetics, preachers, chemifts, &c. anatomical and pharmaceutical bibli- athecas, &c.

The bilbliathcca of chemical philofophcrs contains feveral pieces and dialogues of Hermes, Mary, Calid, Moricnus, Artephius, Geber, csV. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. i. p. 1024. The bibliotheca anatomica by meflieurs Le Clerc and IVTanget, phyfxians of Geneva, contains a kind of body of anatomical Writings.

Bieliotheca volatite is a collection of fmall pieces or tracts, not exceeding fix fhcets a-piece, made by Jo. Cinclli, an Ita- lian academift of Florence, printed in 1677. ^" Bayle ca ^ s thefe pieces fugitives, on account of their being apt to be ne- glected and loft, by reafon of their fmallnefs : fuch generally are efiays, diflertations, orations, eulogies, letters, and the like. Fabric. Confpecr. Thef. Liter. Ital. p. 203. Struv. In- trod. ad Notit. Rci Literar. c. 8. §. 21. p. 755.

Bibliotheca patrum, or of the fathers, is a collection of the writings of feveral of the lefTer fathers, printed in one or more volumes. Itttg. de Bibl. & Cat. Patr. c. 1. §. 1. p. 1. Combcfifius has given a bibliotheca patrum conc'tonatoria ; F. Chantelan, an afcetic, a bibliotheca patrum afcetica. Fabric. Bibl. Gnec. 1. 6. c. 10. §. 33. T. 13. p. 756. It. §. 38. p. 791. &§. 39- P-794-

In this fenfe, we have a great number of bibliathecas of the fa- thers, printed at divers places, and under various titles; as crthodoxograpbia, hecrefiolog'ta, fuxfWfsa^vrtzm, fcrtpta vet/rum, thefaurus, analeSta^fpecitegium, tnufaum, mifcellanea, aSlaJanc- torum, catenas, antiqua leclianes, varia fa era collectanea, &c. The firft collection of this kind was made by J. Tichardus in I528, printed atBafil, under the title of antidotum contra di- ver fas omnium fere fecuhrum harefes. He was followed at the fame place by Hen. Petri, Jo Heroldus, Jac. Grynasus, G. Fabricius. Simler and Gefner did fomething of the'fame kind at Zuric. Thefe were followed by De la Eigne and others at Paris, Cologne, Lyons, Leyden, Antwerp, Rome, Venice, C5>. where each ufually improved and inlarged on his prede- cfcffors. Thus, the firft only took in twenty fathers, the fe- cond thirty, the next came to feventy, the next to eighty-five; the Paris bibliotheca of Eigne above two hundred ; that of Co- iogn three hundred ; and that of Lyons four hundred. The firft work of this kind, under the denomination of biblio- theca p'airum, was that of Marg. de la Eigne, doctor of the Sor- bonne, published at Paris 1576, in 8 volumes in folio; in- larged, in a fecond edition in 1589, to 9 volumes; and in a third, in 1609 and 161 0, to 10 volumes. This has proved the bafis of all the bibliathecas which have been publifhed fince, under the denomination of great biblia- thecas, and greateft bibliathecas ; particularly the magna biblio- theca veterum patrum, printed at Paris 1654, in 17 volumes folio; that at Cologn in 1618, in 15 volumes ; and the maxi- ma bibliotheca at Lyons in 1677, in 27 volumes in folio.

Bibliotheca y^m? is a title given by the Paris editors to their bibliotheca of the fathers, which was cenfured, and ordered in the index expurgatorius to be erafed.

The great defect of the bibliathecas of fathers, begun by Bigne, and carried on by others, is, that the works of the Greek fa- thers are only given in Latin tranflations. Ittigius has a treatife exprefs on the bibliathecas of the fathers, wherein are rehearfed the feveral works of this kind under the feveral cities or places where they were printed ; and all the authors and pieces contained in each collection are enu- merated. Th. Ittigius de Eibliothecis & Catenis Patrum, va- riifque veterum Scriptorum Ecclefiafticarum Colleitionibus, Lipf. 1707, 8vo. Vid. Fabric. Bibl. Gnec. 1. 6. c. 1a. T. 13. p. 849. _

Bibliotheca is alfo ufed for a catalogue of the books in a li- brary : Such are the bibliotheca Coifliniana, bibliotheca Corde- ftana, bibliotheca Thuan&a, bibliotheca Bignoniana, bibliotheca du Boifiana, &c.

Labbe has publifhed a bibliotheca of bibliotheca 's, or a catalogue of the names of tbofe who have written bibliathecas, which hrs fince been continued, and improved under another title by Teflier, from 800 writers to the number of no lefs than 25CO. Schrammius has alfo publifhed zprogrdmma on the writers of theological bibliathecas.

Ph. Labbe's bibliotheca bibliothecarwn was firft publifhed at the end of his fpecimen nova bibliotbecte, MSS. Paris, 1653, 4to. Afterwards by itfelf with additions, and again at Rouen in 1664 and 1678. Eefides the writers of bibliathecas, itcontains an account of the encomiafts and biographers of learned men; of the moft celebrated printers and bookfellers throughout Eu- ro) e ; of thof? who have publifhed ?nufa?u?ns, or cabinets <f turiofities, inferiptions, monuments, &c. Ant. Teflier'* Catalogus Auttorum qui Librorum Catakgos, In- dices, ^ Bibliathecas, Virorum Literatorum Elogia, Vitas, &c. Scnptis canftgr.arimt, was publifhed at Genev. 1686. 4to. To which has been fmce added a volume of fupplements, Ibid. 170J, 4 to. Vid. Nouv. Rep. Lett. ann. 1686. p. 832. Jour des Scav. F. 33. p. 95 ,

J. Con. Schrammii de Scnptoribus Bibtiethecarum Thcologkarum, Helmft. 4to,

Bibliotheca is alfo a name given to the books of the Old and New Teftament, in refpedt of their excellency, and fufficiency for the ufes of the Chriftian life. Dumnd. ap. Trev. Dic~t. Univ. T. 1. p. IC23.

Bibliotheca divina of St. Jerom, the title by which the benedictines of the congregation of St. Maur call the Latin tranflation of the fcriptures made by that father from the Hebrew, publifhed at Paris 1693, and wh'ch by him was called canon Hchcsus ; but it is much doubted by M. Simon and others, whether this bibliotheca divina be. the pure Hebrew canon of St. Jerom. Kujler, Biblioth. Nov. Liter. T. ?. p. 266. Bafnage, Ouvres des Scav. Mars 1694. p. 361. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1023.

Bibliotheca, bibliothequc, is alfo a title given to divers journals, or periodical accounts in French of new books. Such are the bibliotheque chaifie of Paul Colomies, printed m 16S2; bibliothequc univerfelle by M. Le Clerc, begun in 1686 and ended in 1693 ; which was fucceeded by the fame author's bibliothcque choific ; and that by his bibliotheque ancienne & rm- derne : fuch alfo are the bibliotheque Anglolfe, benm by M. Do la Roche, and continued by M. De la Chapelle ; the biblio- theque Francoife by M. Camufat; the bibliotheca novorum li- brorum by Kufter and Sykes ; and the bibliotheca Uteraria by an anonymous writer ; alfo the bibliotheque Germaniquc, biblio- theque Italique, and bibliothcque raifonnce, Vid. Struv. Introd. ad Hift. Liter, c. 6. p. 498—567.

BIBLIOTHECARIAN, a library-keeper, otherwife called libra- rian. See Library, Cycl.

Bibliothecarian is alfo ufed for the author of a bibliotheca, or a catalogue of books. See Bibliotheca. In this fenfe, P. L'Abbe has given a bibliotheca, or catalogue of biblioihecariam. Gefner, Lipenius, Struvius, Fabricius, c5V. are celebrated bibliothecarians.

BIBLISTS, biblifta, an appellation given by fome Romifh wri- ters to thofe who profefs to adhere to fcripture alone as the fole rule of faith, exclufive of all tradition, and the fuppofed authority of the church. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 1025. See Bible, Cycl. and Suppl.

In which fenfe, all proteftants are, or ought to be, biblifls. B/bli/ls, among Chriftians, anfwer nearly to caraites or textu- arles among the Jews. See Caraites and Textuaries, Cycl.

Prateolus makes the blblijls a branch of heretics, who afTert that nothing is to be received, or read to the people in the church, or rtudied in the fchools by the youth, but the bare text of the bible alone; that all further inftruction and inter- pretation is needlefs, for that we are all divinely infpired, and taught by God himfelf ; and finally, that all human arts and philofophy are fuperfiuous and vain. Vid. Pratcol. Elench. Ha?ref. I. 2. §. 23. p. 101.

BIBLUS, #&©., in botany, an aquatic plant in Egypt, called z\(o papyrus; of the fkin whereof the antient Egyptians made their paper. Vid. Montfauc. Paleogr. Graec. 1. i.e. 2. p. 14. Reman. Antiq. Liter, ^gypt. p. 91. Pitifc. Lex. Antiq'. T. 2. p. 372. Mem. Acad. Infcrip. T. 9. p. 306. See Papy- rus and Paper, Cycl.

Hence alfo the Greeks gave the denomination (3i&®,, to books made hereof. Thus Lucan,

Nandum flumineas Memphis contexere biblos

™r^T?^ a t~ Lncan > Pharf - l 3- ver. 222.

EICAUDA, m zoology, the name of a fifh of the xipbias or fword-fifh kmd. It is a large fifh : its body is long, and cy- lindric : its head terminates in a fnout, like a hog's, runnino- out into a long bony fubftance, like a fword : its tail is forked"! the upper part of its fword is much longer than the under; and the creature has the power of moving both : the gills are large : it has no teeth : it has two tubercles near the taiT; and has fix fins, .two at the gills ; and over-againft thefe, on the belly, it has two long bony bodies, of a black colour, joined together at their infertion, and having behind them a forrow, into which it can deprefs them at pleafure, this cavity running along the belly almoft to the tail : below thefe, it has, on its belly, a broad, triangular fin, ending in an acute angle towards the tail ; and another of the fame kind on the upper part of its body : the tail is placed at about a finger's diftance from the end of thefe ; but the largeft of all its fins is that on the back : this begins juft behind the head, and runs three feet down the back: it is made of a membrane refembling parchment, and. is fupported by feveral fibres : this naturally ftands up to a confiderable height ; but the creature can deprefs this alfo, at pleafure, into a furrow, which there is along the back behind it. It is five feet long, or more than that, and a foot and half broad at the breaft, tapering gradually towards the tail. It is covered with a thick and rough fkin, and is brown on the back and fides ; and has there feveral fhort bony prickles : its belly is white : its fins are all of a brownifh grey, and the back one has feveral beautiful black fpots. It is a very well-tafted fifh milugbby,. Hift. Pifc p. 163.

BICAUDALIS, in anatomy, an appellation given by fome to a mufcle of the external ear, on account of its having two tails • but which is fuhjea to great variety, having fomSimes only one, and fometimes three tails : in which cafes, it is called intncalis and tricaudalis. C^/tel, Lex. Med. p. 104.

BICE,