Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/306

 B I B

B I B

being afterwards joined together, and printed, with fliort an- notations, in 15Q8, in a large folio, made what was after- wards called the Great Englijh bible, and commonly the bijhofs bible. The following year it was alfo published in 8°, in a fmall but fine black letter : and here the chapters were divided into verfes ; but without any breaks for them, in which the method of the Geneva bible was followed, which was the firft Englifh bible where any distinction of verfes was made It was printed in large folio,' with corrections, and fcveral prolego- mena, in 1572. The initial letters of each translators name were put at the end of his part, e, gr. at the end of the pen- tateuch W. E. for William Exon ; that is, William bifhop of Exeter, whofc allotment ended there ; at the end of Samuel R. M. for Richard Menevenfis, or bifhop of St. David's, to whom the fecond allotment fell : and the like of the reft. The archbifhop overiaw, directed, examined, and finifhed the whole. This tranflation was ufed in the churches for forty years, tho' the Geneva bible was more read in private houfes, being print- ed above thirty times in as many years. King James bore it a mortal hatred on account of the notes, which, at the Hamp- ton-court conference, he charged as partial, untrue, feditious, tsfc. The bijhops bible too had its faults ; the king frankly owned he had yet feen no good tranflation of the bible in Eng- lifh ; but he thought that of Geneva the worft of all. ' Rhemifo Bible. — After the tranflation of the biblehy thebifhops, two other private verfions had been made of the New Tefta- ment ; the firft by Laur. Thomfon, made from Beza's Latin edition, together with the notes of Bcza, published in 1583 in 4 t0, and afterwards in 1589, varying very little from the Geneva bible; the fecond by the papifts at Rheims in 1584, called the Rhemijh bible, or Rhcmijlr tranflation. Thefe find- ing it impofiiblc to keep the people from having the fcriptures in the vulvar tongue, reiblved to give a verfion of their own, as favourable to their caufe as might be. It was printed on a lar»e paper, with a fair letter and margin. One complaint againft it was its retaining a multitude of Hebrew and Greek words untranflated, for wane, as the editors exprefs it, of pro- per and adequate terms in the Englifh to render them by; as the words a-zymes, tunike, rational, hohcaufl, prepuce, pafibe, &c. However, many of the copies were Seized by the queen's fearchers, and confifcated ; andTh. Cartwright was follicited by fecretary Walfingham to refute it ; but, after a good pro- grefs made therein, archbifhop Whitgift prohibited his further proceeding therein, as judging it improper the doctrine of the church of England mould be committed to the defence of a puritan, and appointed Dr. Fulke in his place, who refuted the Rbemifts with great fpirit and learning. Cartwright's re- futation was alfo afterwards publifhed in 161 B, under archbi- fhop Abbot. About thirty years after their New Teftament, the Roman catholics publifhed a tranflation of the Old at Doway 1609 and 161c, from the vulgate, with annotations ; fo that the Englifh Roman catholics have now the whole bible in their mother-tongue; though, it is to be obferved, they are forbidden to read it without a licence from their fuperiors. Vid. Bibl. Liter. N° 4. p. 1$, feq. Calmet, T. 1. p, 307. King James's bible. — The laft Englifh bible was that which pro- ceeded from the Hampton-court conference in 1603, where many exceptions being made to the bifhop' s bible, king James gave order for a new one ; not, as the preface exprefTcs it, for a tranflation altogether new, nor yet to make of a bad one a good one, but to make a good one better, or of many good ones one beft. Fifty-four learned perfons were appointed for this office by the king, as appears by his letter to the archbi- ihop, dated in 1604; which being three years before the tranf- lation was entered upon, it is probable feven of them were either dead, or had declined the tafk, fince Fuller's lift of the tranflators makes but forty-feven ; who being ranged under fix divifions, entered on their province in 1607. It was publifhed in 161C, with a dedication to king James, and alearned pre- face, and is commonly called King James's bible. After this, all the other verfions dropped, and fell into difufe, except the epiftles and gofpels in the common prayer book, which were ftill continued, according to the bifhops tranflation, till the alteration of the liturgy in 1661, and the pfalms and hymns, which are to this day continued as in the old verfion. EIBLIA, or Biblia petraria, in a military fenfe, denotes a machine ufed by the antients for throwing ftones or darts. Vid. Aquin. Lex. Milit. T. I. p. 128. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T.i. p. 547.

It was probably fo called from Biblus, a city in Phoenicia, where it might be invented; though this is little more than conjecture ; nor is the form of this machine known. BIBLIOGRAPHIA, a branch of archaographia, employed in the judging and perufing of antient manuscripts, whether written in books, paper, or parchment. Sport, in Prasf. ad Mifcell. Erud. Antiq. Fabric. Bibl. Antlq. 5. §. 2, p. 125. See

ARCH-fitOGRAPHIA.

All the great critics have been eminent cultivators of bibliogra- phy, as Scaliger, Sirmond, Salmafius, Cafaubon, Labbe, Lam- becius, &c. Bibliographia is alfo ufed for a notitia or defcription of prin- ted books, either in the order of the alphabet, of the times when printed., or of the fubject-matters.

In which fenfe, bibliographia amounts to much the fame with what is other wife called bibliotheca. See Bibliotheca. Literary journals afford alfo a kind of bibUographia. Naude, Corn. Beughem, Boeclerus, and Fabricius, have publifhed bibliograph'tas. Bartels has a like work, under the title of biblionoinia. V. Naude, I ibliogr. Pofitica. Ital. Magd. 171?. Svo. Ejufd. Btbliogr. Militaris. Jen. 1635. i2mo. Fabric Bibl. Antiq. c. 17. §. I. p- 53?- BIBUOMANCY, £i£?uofu(&i«j a kind of divination performed by means of the bible.

This amounts to much the fame with what is otherwife called fortes bibUccs, or fortes fanclorum.

It confifted in taking paiTages of fcripture at hazard, and draw- ing indications thence concerning things future; as in Auguf- tin's tolle cf lege. It was much ufed at the confecration of bi- fhops. Vid. Prideaux, Connect. P. 2. 1. 5, p. 464. F. J. Davidius, a jefuit, has publifhed a bibliomamy, under the borrowed name of veridicus ChrijUanus, BIBLIOMANIA, an extravagant paffion for books, to a degree of madnefs ; or a defire of accumulating them beyond all rea- fon and neceflity. BIBLIOTHECA properly fignifies a library or repofitory of

books. See Library, Cycl. Bibliotheca is alfo ufed for a compilation of all that lias been written on a certain fubject ; or a digeft of all the authors who have treated of it.

In this {en(e, we have hiftorical bibliothecas, as that of Diodo- rus Siculus ; mythological bibliothecas, as that of Apollodorus ; theological and facred bibliothecas, as thofe of Ravanellus, &c. The firft model of a bibliotheca of this kind was given by Apol- lodorus of Athens, who lived in the time of Ptolemy Ever- getcs, 240 years before Chrift. The bibliotheca of the origin of the gods by that celebrated grammarian, has met with imi- tators in almoft every branch of literature. Apollodorus's bi- bliotheca confifts of three books, which contain the Greek Sto- ries and traditions concerning the genealogies of the gods and heroes till the Trojan times. It has been difputed whetlter the work we now have be the original, or an abridgment of it made by Euphorion or Sopater \ Du Pin has given an extract of it ">.— [ > Vid. Fabric. Bibl. Grxc. 1. 3. c. 27. T. 2. p. 660. and Boeder, Bibhogr. Crit. c. 5. p. 17 1. b DuPin, Bibl. Univ. des Hiftor. 1. I. §. 8. p. 27, feq.]

The hiftorical bibliotheca of Diodorus Siculus is no other than a general hiftory of all ages and countries known to the Greeks and Romans, brought down to the 180th olympiad. It is full of fables and traditions ; but the author has taken great pains to diftinguiih what is true from what is merely fa- bulous ; on which account it feems to have been, that Pliny reprefents him as the firft of the Greek hiftorians who ceafed to play the fool ; primus Gracormn deftit nugari. His work confifts of forty books, which were compofed under the em- pire of Julius and Auguftus. c. We have an extract of it in Du Pin d -— [ « Fabric Bibl. Grzec. 1. 3. c. 31. p. 769. d Bibl. Univ. des Hiftor. 1. 1 . §. 9. p. 57, feq ] Bibliotheca facra is a title given by Ravanellus to his com- mon-places or dictionary of the bible, containing all that he could find in theological books neceflary for explaining fcrip- ture, digefted in the order of the alphabet. Bibliotheca_/?;^/;V thcologici is a collection out of the works of St. Jerom, St. Auguftin, and others, neceflary for a ftudent in divinity.

Thzjlromata of Clemens Alexandrinus may be called a biblio- theca of the fentiments and opinions of philofophers ; the hif- tory ofEufebius a bibliotheca of ecclefiaftical writers; theMag- deburgh centuries are called by Spanheim a bibliotheca of eccle- fiaftical antiquity. Fabric. Bibl. Grace. 1. 6. c, 4. T. 12. p. 161. See Centuriator and Century. Bieliotheca is alfo ufed for a book containing an enumeration of feveral authors, and the titles of their writings. Du Pin, Bibl. des Aut. Ecclef. T. 1. Pref. p. 1. Jour, des Scav, T. 19. p. 671.

In this fenfe, bibliothecas are either univerfM or particular, real or nominal, philofophical, theological, ecclefiaftical, or the like; Univerfal Bibliotheca is a book which treats indifferently of all kinds of authors and works, on however different fubjects. Such are the bibliothecas of Photius, Gefner, Ciaconius, Pofle- vin, Konig, and the epitomifts and continuators of Gefner. Com: Gcfncri Bibliotheca Universalis Omnis Generis Autho- rum Nomina, cum Lucubrat'tonibus Singulorum juxta Litera- rum Seriem propofitum. Tigur. 1545. folio. The bibliotheca of Photius is an account of what books the au- thor read in his embafTy in the ninth century to Syria c ; and contains an abridgment of almoft three hundred different au- thors, with the judgment of that patriarch on many of them. There are additions to it by Max. Planudes, only extant in manufcript f — [ c Fabric. Bibl. Grsec. 1. 5. c. 38. §. 6. T. 9. p. 369. Boecl Bibl. Crit. c. 24. p. 397. f Vid. Fabric, lib. cit. I. 5-C-45-]

The bibliotheca felefla of PofTevln is judged the moft complete of that kind, notwithftanding the fooliih partiality of that au- thor, who, from principles of religion, has fuppreffed all the proteftant writers. It was printed at Rome in 1598, and again at Cologn in 1607. folio.

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