Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/283

 B E A

B E A

his beard to grow, and this for feveral times fucceflively, till at length he was difpenfed by his fuperiors from the obfervance of this rule. Another, grievoufly haraffed by an obftinate toosh-ach while he ufed to fhave every week, found a cure, by accidentally letting his beard grow for three weeks together. Upon fhaving again, his pains returned, and were removed again by letting his beard have its fcope b. — [ a Epift. Cent. 3. Ep. 67. p. 275. b Hotting, in Ephem. N. C. dec. 3. an. 9 & 10. Obf. 229.J Shaving the Beard, barha rafio, was the greater!: affront among the Franks, that could be offered any perfon. Taking away a fmo-le hair was an injury fcarce to be forgiven. Du Cange, Giofl: Lat.

Among the Turks, it is more infamous for any one to have his beard cut off", than among us to be publicly whipt, or branded with a hot iron. There are abundance in that coun- try, who would prefer death to this kind of puniihment. Calm.

ma. Bibi.

Confecration of the Beard was a ceremony among the Roman youth, who, when they were fhaved the firft time, kept a day of rejoicing, and were particularly careful to put the hair of their beard into a filver or gold box, and make an offering of it to fomegod, particularly to Jupiter Capitolinus, as was done by Nero, according to Suetonius, Vid. Pitlfe. T. j. p. 25 1. The monks were alfo faid to confecrate their beards, when they laid them down upon their admiflion to the monaftic frate. Du Cange, Giofl! Lat. T. 1. p. 472.

Benediction of the Beard, barbts bcnedi£lio, was a ceremony ufed in the antient Latin church upon the ordaining of a pried, who, in confequence of the canons, was to be fhaven, Du Cange, Giofl! Lat. T. 1. p. 472.

Ttuchingthe Beard was an action antiently made ufe of by fup- plicants, and thofe who made vows. Pli'tfc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. jp. 252.

Kijfing the Beard. The Turkifh wives kifs their husbands beards, and children their fathers, as often as they come to falute them. The nien kifs one anothers beards reciprocally on both fides, when they falute one another in the flxeets, or come off from any journey. Calm. Diet. Bibl.

Touching the Beard, barbam tangere, was alfo a cuftom in the middle age of cutting the firft down by the fponfor or god-fa- ther of a perfon initiated. Du Cange, Difl! ad Toinvill 22. p. 279. It in Giofl! Lat. T. 1. p. 47 r.

The faflnon of the Beard has varied in different ages and coun- tries ; fome cultivating and entertaining one part of it, fome another. Thus the Hebrews wear a beard on their chin ; but not on the upper-lip or cheeks. Mofes forbids them to cut off entirely the angle or extremity of their beard; that is, to ma- nage it after the Egyptian fafhion, who left only a little tuft of beard at the extremity of their chin; whereas the Jews to this day fuffer a little fillet of hair to grow from the lower end of their ears to their chins, where, as well as on their lower- lips, thejr beards arc in a pretty long bunch. Calm. Diet. Bibl. T. I. p. 267:

In the apoftolic conftitutions, the clergy are exprefly forbid to fhave their beards. L. 1. c. 3. Epiph. Hjeref. 50. Fabric. Bibl. Ant.

The Arabs make the prefervation of their beards a capital point of religion, becaufe Mahomet never cut his. Hence the razor is never drawn over the grand flgnior's face. The Perfvans, who clip them, and fhave above the jaw, are reputed heretics. It is likewife a mark of authority and liberty among them, as well as among the Turks. They who ferve in the feraglio, have their beards fhaved, as a fign of their fervitude. They do not fuffer it to grow till the fultan has fet them at liberty, which is beftowed as a reward upon them, and is always ac- companied with fome employment. Calm. Diet. Bibl. The Jews, in time of mourning, neglected to trim their beards, that is, to cut oft" what grew fuperfluous on the upper- lips and cheeks. In time of grief and affliction, they alfo pluck- ed off the hair of their beards. Calm.T.i. p. 267. The Romans, on the like occafion, chofe a contrary method of exprefling forrow and mourning, viz. by letting their hards grow. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 251.

.Anointing the Beard with unguents is an antient practice both among the Jews and Romans, and flill continues in ufe among the Turks ; where one of the principal ceremonies obferved in ferious vifits is to throw fweet-fcented water on the beards of the vifitant, and to perfume it afterwards with aloes-wood, which flicks to this moifture, and gives it an agreeable fmell, cjrV. Pitifc. Lex. Antiq. T. 1. p. 252.

In middle-age writers we meet with adlentare barba?n, ufed for ftxoking and combing it, to render it foft and flexible. Du Cange, Giofl! Lat. T. 1. p. 61.

The Turks, when they comb their beards, hold a handker- chief on their knees, and gather very carefully the hairs that fall ; and when they have got together a certain quantity, they fold them up in paper, and carry them to the place where they bury the dead.

Plucking the Beard was practifed to Cynics by way of con- tempt.

Some authors alfo fpeak of ?nortgaging the beard, barham hypo- thecs. IVilL Tyr. 1. 11 . c. 1 1. Du Cange, Giofl'. Lat.

Falfe Beard, barbafdfa, was an artificial one. Li a general court of Catalonia held in 1351, it is exprefly injoined,>A> quis barbam falfam feu fi£iam audcat deferre vel' fabricate. Du Cange, Giofl! Lat. T. 1. p. 472.

Hottoman has given an elegant dialogue de barla, firft printed by PI an tin in 15S6, which being fcarce, is reprinted by Pi- tifcus in Lex. Ant. Rom. T. 1. p. 252, feq.

Beard of a mufcle, oyfters, or the like, denotes an aflemblage of threads or hairs, by which thofe animals fafr.cn themfelves to ftones, t?V.

The hairs of this beard terminate in a flat fpungy fubftance, which being applied to the furface of a ftone, flicks thereto, like the wet leather ufed by boys. Phil. Tranf. N° 284. p. 1360.

Beards, in the hiftory of infects, are two final!, oblong, fiefhy bodies, placed juft above the trunk, as in the gnats, and in the moths and butterflies. Vid. Reaumur. Hift. Infect. Vol. 4. p. 580.

Beard, or undcr-bcard, called alfo chuck, of a horfe, is that part under the lower mandible on the outfide, and above the chin^ which bears the curb of the bridle. Quill. Gent. Diet. P. 1.

BEARDED, barbatus, denotes a perfon or thing with a heard, or fome refcmblancc thereof. See Beard. In middle-age writers, this is fometimes expreffed by malibar- bis, q. d. barba in malis feu gents. Du Cange, Giofl". Lat. T. 3. p. 36S.

Naturalius fpeak of bearded whales, fometimes denominated Grand Bay whales a ; bearded loaches, gobites barbatults b ; bearded moffes, mufci barbaii c, he. — [ a Bought. Collect. T. 3. p. 27 5. b Grew, Muf. Reg. Societ. P. 1. §. 5. c. 3. p. 1 17. c Id. ibid. P. 2. §. 4. p. 236 & 249.]

The faces on antient Greek and Roman medals are generally bearded. Some are denominated pagonati, as having long beards, e. gr. the Parthian kings. Others have only a lanugo about the chin, as the Selcucid family d. Adrian was the firft of the Roman emperors who nourifhed his beard : hence all im- perial medals before him are beardlefs ; after him bearded c. — [ d Evel. on Medal, c. 2. p. 27. c Pitifc. T. 1. p, 2 ^ 1 .f The Romans paid their worfhip to a bearded Venus, Veneri barbate, fuppofed to have been of both fexes ; a ftatue of whom was alfo found in the ifle of Cyprus. Serv. ad JEn. 1. 2. p. 03 2 -

The reafon of reprcfenting the goddefs of beauty with a beard is varioufiy guefl'ed at by the learned. Boxhorn. Quaff. Rom. 13 & 27. Gyrald. Synt. Dar. p. 394, feq. Pitifc, Lex. Ant. T. 2. p. 1 040.

Bearded women have been all obferved to want the menffrual difcharge ; and feveral inftances are given by Hippocrates ?, and other phyficians, of grown women, efpecially widows, in whom the menfes coming to flop, beards appeared. Eufebius Nierembcrgius s mentions a woman, who had a beard reach- ing to her navel. Bartholin fpcaks of a bearded woman h at Copenhagen, who, partly in virtue thereof, pafled for an her- maphrodite. — [ f Epjdem. ]. 6. §. S. in fine. 2 DeMiracuI. Natur. 1. 2. c. 35. h Epift. Cent. 3. Ep. 94. p. 406, feq.]

Bearded brothers, fratres barlad, are more particularly ufed in ecclefiaffical writers for thofe otherwife called fratres con- verfi in the orders of Grammont and the Cifferians. Du Cange, Giofl! Lat. T. 1. p. 477. Trev.DiSI. Univ. T. 1. p. 870. They took this denomination, becaufe allowed to wear their beards, contrary to the rule of the profeflcd monks."

Bearded husk, among florifts, a husk which is hairy on the edges, as is that of the rofe, &c. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

BEARDLESS, hnperbis, ftands oppofed to bearded. See Beard and Bearded.

The medals of gods, and heroes in vigorous youth, reprefent them beardlefs, except Jupiter, and a few others. Evel. on Medals, p. 47.

The bald and beardlefs portrait engraven on many precious ftones in the king of France's cabinet, and elfewherc, with the name of Solon, do not reprefent the famous lawgiver of Athens ; at leaft, do not reprefent him right, fince, in his time, the Greeks were all bearded. Hift. Acad. Infc. T. 2. p. 407.

BEARER, (Cycl.) — Bearers, gejlantes, in middle age writers, are fometimes ufed for a child's goflips, by reafon they hold the infant in their arms, and prefent him to the prieft, in the Cere- mony of baptifin. Du Cange, GlofT. Lat. T. 2. p. 618.

Bearers are more peculiarly ufed among us for thofe who bear dead corpfes to their graves.

In a fenfe fomewhat different from this, we alfo fay pall-bear- ers, he.

The antients had peculiar orders or officers of bearers, called by the Greeks nofn^U, ; by the Romans lecticarii a. The vef- pillones, or bajuli, were a lower fort of bearers, appointed for perfons of inferior or vulgar rank b — [ a Arnd. Lex. Ant. p. 423. b Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 951. Pitifc. Lex. Antiq. T, 2. p. 244.

Bkarers, in agriculture, denote the fruit branches, or fuch as bear fruit.

The bearers, or bearing branches of an apple-tree, and the like, are found to be rougher, and fuller of afperities in their bark, than the other branches. Phil. Tranf. N° 237. p. 5.1. 1 BEAR-