Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/266

 BAR

BAR

Is in the hydrophobia that barking has been ofteneft obfervcd : perfons feized with this, are apt to rave, bite, fnarl, and make a harfh noife in their throats, which is called barking '.— [ k V. Phil. Tranf. N°. 28c. p. 1 173. ' Vid. Phil. Tranf, N°i 323. p. 436. It.N<\ 207. p. 25. It. N°. 242. p. 217.]

BARLAAMITES, in church hiftory, the followers of a Cala- brian monk, afterwards bifhop of Emont, the great opponent of Greg. Palama and the Hefychaftae. Vid. Fabric. Bibl. Grasc. 1. f. c. 43. §- 22.

The Barlaamites are the fame with thofe otherwife deno- minated Acindyniies.

BARLERIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The perianthium confrfts of one leaf divided into five fegments, and remains after the flower is fallen : the flower is one-leaved, and of the Iabiated kind : its tube is of the length of the cup; its mouth oblong, and inflated: the upper lip erect, emarginated, and obtufe: the lower lip is divided into three fegments, the middle one of which is of the length and figure of the upper lip, and the two fide ones are fmaller, and obtufe. The {lamina are four {lender filaments, which are lodged under the upper lip of the flower, and are of the fame fhape with it : the antheras are erect : the germen of the plftil is final], and oval : the ftyle is Ample and fhort; and the ftigma obtufe. The fruit is an oval capfule, formed of two valves, containing two cells, and opening at the bottom, when ripe. The feeds are oval, and fingle. Linntri Gen. PI. p. 289. Plumicr, Gen. 31.

BARLEY, in botany, a gramineous, frumentaceousherb,whofe feeds are of the lareer fort, being covered with a husk, grow- ing in a fpike, and the grains bearded.

Barley, through neglect and poverty, is faid to degenerate into oats and darnel. Dr. Plott fpeaks of barky and rye growing in the fame ear alternately. Plott, Nat. Hift. Stafford, c. 9.

§•34-

Ifis is faid to have n"rft difcovered the culture and ufe of barley

in Egypt. Diod. Sic. 1. 1. p. 13. Reimm. Id. Antiq. Egypt.

§■ 25. p. 54-

The Greeks had a fpecies of magic, or Incantation, performed

with barley, called jt§*&«gife», or afu&wp^ii*. Du Conge, Gloff

Graec. T. 1. p. 724, feq.

The principal ufe of barley among us is for making beer, in

order to which it is firft malted.

The Spaniards, among whom malt liquors are little known,

feed their horfes with their barley, as we do with oats. Trev.

Diet. Univ. T. 1. p. 353.

Barley has alfo its medicinal virtues, in which it refembles

oats. Junck. Confp. Therap. tab. 9. p. 276.

Pearl Barley, and French Barley, are both of the fame kind, tho' differing fomewhat in whitenefs and fize of the grain, and are thofe chiefly ufed in phyfic.

Plott fpeaks of ratheripe barley, hordcum dijlichum precox, pro- duced in Wiltfhire and Cornwall, which is fometimes fown and returned again to the barn in two months time. Plott, Nat. Hift. Oxford, c. 6. §. 29. 'Bought. Collect. N. 296. T. 2. p. 274, feq.

Whole Barley is that where the grain {till remains covered with its husk.

Hulied'BARLEY) called by the Greeks yupoxf.iW, by the Latins hordeum mundatum, is that where the husk is {tripped off, to be ufed in the making of ptifans ; in order to which it is boiled a due time in water, then {trained, and fuggar added. — Some call this crempr ptifana. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. 4. p. 353. The antients fpeak of a bare barley, yupvox^Qw, or hordeum nu- dum, growing naturally in Cappadocia a . Some take it for the fame with our hulled barley, or hordeum mundatum b, but with- out neceffity ; fince modern naturalifts are not without in- ftances of natural barley without husks. Plott mentions one in Staffordfhire, called there French barley, from the refem- blance of its ear to the barley of that denomination j but it grew like wheat, uncovered by any husk. Botanifts confider it as a kind of medium between barley and wheat, and call it tritico fpeltum, or zeopyrum. It makes indifferently cither bread or beer=.— [ a Oribaf Collect. Med. I. 1. c. 1. b Call. Lex Med. p. 376. a. Plott, Nat. Hift. Stafford, c. 6. §. 14.]

Barley Water is a decoction of either of thefe, reputed left and lubricating, of frequent ufe in phyfic.

This well-known decoction is a very ufeful drink in many dis- orders ; and is recommended, with nitre, by fome authors of reputation, in flow fevers. There is a differtation of Hoffman's de euro, avenacea.

Barley Corn is ufed to denote a long meafure, containing in length the third part of an inch, and in breadth the eighth. Holder. Difc. of Time, c. r. p. 7,

The French carpenters alfo ufe barley corn, grain d'orge, as equivalent to the line, or the twelfth part of an inch. Aubert, spudjK»Ac£ Diet. T. 1. p. 777. in voc. Grain d'orge.

Barley Corn, grain d'orge, is alfo ufed, in building, for a little cavity between the mouldings of joiners work, fervin°; to fe- parate or keep them afunder; thus called becaufe made with a kind of plane of the fame name. Davi/er, Archit. P. 2. p. 630.

BARM1NE, denotes fuch mine or ore, as is adjudged at a court of barmote. See Barmote.

BARNACLE {Cycl.) — Barnacle is alfo a name given to a kind of fhell-fifh, which is found cleaving to the bottoms and fides of {hips in certain feas ; fometimes alfo to the fins and tails of whales, and the like.

In this fenfe, barnacle is the fame with what is called by fa'ilors tlam ; by naturalifts, concha anatifera.

There are divers fpecies of fhell-iifhes included under the de- nomination barnacles : fome reduce them to two, viz. the ba- lanus and pinna marina. Hift. Acad. Scienc. ami. 1724.

Barnacles, in farriery, are alfo called borfe twichcrs, or brakes.

Barnacles differ from pinchers, as the latter have handles whereby to hold them ; whereas the former are faftened to the nofe with a lace or cord.

There is another meaner fort of barnacles, ufed in defect of the former, called roller barnacles, or wood tiuiichers, which are only two rollers of wood bound together, with the horfe's nofe between them. Diet. Ruft. in voc.

BARNFIARD, in zoology, the name of a bird ufually feen at fea, and looked on as a foreteller of bad weather. It is about the fize of a fparrow : its neck and back are black, and its breaft and belly grey ; its feet are red, and its bill black, and fomewhat broad. It skims very nimbly along the furface of the water. Ray's Ornithol- p. 306.

BAROMETRICAL Obfervations make a branch or fpecies of thefe called meteorological obfervations.

Modern philofophers fpeak much of the ufemlnefs, the advan- tages of barometrical obfervations. Dr. Wallis, Dr. Beal, Cru- quius, de la Hire, and others, have publifhed collections of barometrical obfervations, made at Oxford, Leyden, Delft, Pa- ris, Zurich, in China, &c. Vid. Phil. Tranf. N°. S5- P- 1 1 1 3- It. N°. 249. p. 45. It. N°. 256. p. 323. It. N° 381. p. 4. Hift. Acad. Scienc. ann. 1699. p. 22. and in the fubfequent volumes yearly. Mem. ann. 1705. p. 2S8, 322, 296, 30c. Id. ann. 1 724. p. 5.

Dr. Jurin has publifhed an invitatory paper for making baro- metrical obfervations by joint confent. Phil. Tranf N°. 379. P- 423-

BAROPTIS, or Baroptinus Lapis, a name given by the antient naturalifts to a fpecies of {tone, fuppofed to have won- derful virtues againft venomous bites, externally applied. Pliny has left us but a very fhort defcription of it : he fays, it was black in colour, but variegated with large fpots of red and white.

BARQUETTE, or Barchetta, in the Mediterranean, de- notes a leffer fort of barks, ufed for the fervice of gallics, much as boats and fhallops are for other mips, as to fetch provifions, water, carry perfons afhore, and the like. Fafch. In? Lex. p. 68. a.

BARR, Barra, or Barro, in commerce, denotes a Portu- guefe long meafure, ufed in the menfuration of cloths, f tuffs, and the like, fix whereof are equivalent to ten couidos or cabi- dos ; each cavido equal to 7 of a Paris ell.

The Spanijh Barra is the fame with the yard of Seville.

Barr ofValentia is equal to if of the Paris ell.

Barr of Cajiilc is equal to -J- of the Paris ell.

Barr of Arrsgon is equal \ of the Paris ell. Savor. Diet. Com. P- 2 73-

Barr is alfo ufed by the Portuguefe in the Eaft Indies for a weight, more frequently called bahar. Savar. ib. p. 274. See Bahar.

Barr Dice, a fpecies of falfe dice, fo formed, as that they will not eafily lie on certain fides, or turn up certain points. Barr-dice ftand oppofed to flat dice, which come up on certain points oftner than they fhould do. Myft. of Mod. Gam. P- 32.

BARRACOL, in ichthyology, a name given by Artcdi, from the Venetians, to exprefs the fpecies of ray-fifh, called by Bel- Ionius and Gefner miraletus, and by others Raya oatlata lavis. The fpecific name of Artedi carries in it a much better cha- racter of the fifh ; he call it the ray, with fmooth back and belly, and with the eyes furrounded with a feries of fpines, and three other rows of them on the tail.

BARRAGAN, or Barracan, in commerce, a kind of fluff belonging to the clafs of camblets, only of a grain much coarfer than the reft, manufactured in divers parts of France and Flanders, chiefly at Abeville, Amiens, Rouen, and Liflc, and now in England.

The word is barbarous Latin, formed, as fome fuppofe, from barra, q. d. barrarum formam referens. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 497.

The chief ufe of barragans, called alfo by the French boura- cans, is for furtouts, or upper garments againft the rain, be- ing, when good, of fo clofe a grain, that the water will not foke thro', but only run upon them.

For the woof, its thread is fingle, twitted, and fine fpun ; that of the warp is double or triple, %. e. compofed of two or three threads twitted well together. The ufual matter it is made of, is wool ; tho' there are fome made at Rouen, where the warp is hemp, and the woof wool. Some barragans, again, are made of wool, dyed before it comes to the loom ; others are woven white, and dyed afterwards, red, black, blue, brown, &c, _ They are not fulled, but only boiled two or three times in fair water, when they come from the loom; then c Jen- dared