Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/239

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Jla'de -Jland, (hg-:*raiv, and llcody-'hand. Mem-wood of Fo- reflLaws, p. i, Co-wet. Shunt- Terms de Ley,

BACKING « «/f, the operation of" breaking him to the faddle, or bringing him to endure a rider.

To back a colt they ufuaily take Iiim into ploughed ground, trot, him a while, to rid him of his wantonnefs ; then Having one to- ftay his head, and govern the chaffing rein, the maftcr . mounts hi; back, not fuddenly, but by degrees, firft makino* fcvcral offers or half-rifings : when he b.'ars thefe patiently, he mounts in earner!, and fettles in his place, cherifhing him, &a V, JDi&. Ruft. in voc. Gent. Recr. p. 44.

B *cking a horfi. See Hoi- se.

ISACK-WORM, a name given by fportfmen to a difeafe very common to hawks, and called alfo the f lander. The worms are lodged between the fkin and the fleih, and grow to a great length, fome of them being not Ids than half a yard long. They are very troublefome to the bird, and will at length kill it, if they be not deftroyed in time. Their ufual place is under the fkin of the lower part of the back, to- wards the rump.

'There are feveral fymptoms which difcover the bird to be troubled with this difeafe, the principal are the (linking of its breath, the croaking and mourning in the night, rufflino- and writhing the. tail, and the fmallnefs of the dung. The beft method of cure is this : fqueeze out the juice of fome ftrong and well- grown wormwood, put into it as many cloves of gai lick as it will conveniently cover; let the cloves be well cleaned of all (kins, and pierced with holes; this is to ftand a few nights, and afterwards one of the cloves is to be given, frefli taken out of the liquor every evening, for four

. nights together, and after a reft of a few days, the fame number given again, and fo on till the difeafe is got the better of. Others give a fcouring of wafhed aloes, muftard-feed, andagarick, of each equal quantities. DicT:. Ruftic. in voc.

BACOBA, in botany, a name by which fome authors call the bonana-tree, or ynv.fa fruElu brcv'iori. Pifo. p. 76.

BACON, twin's flefh (Sited and dried in the chimney. Writers on this branch of ceconomics give rules for the hanging, the faking, and curing of bacon, larding with bacon, Sec. V. Col- litis, Salt and Fifhery, p 123, and 129.

B a con /ward, denotes the thick outer fkin taken off the lard or fat. Old historians and law writers fpeakof ihejervice oftbeBACON, a cuftom in the manor of Whichenacre in StafFordfhire, and Priory of Dun more in Efl'ex; hi the former of which places, by an antient grant of the lord, a flitch of bacon, with half a quarter of wheat, was to be given to every married couple, who could fwear, that having been married a year and a day, they would never within that time have once exchanged their mate for any other perfon on earth, however richer, fairer, or the like. But they were to bring two of their Neighbours to fwear with them that they believed they fwore the truth. On this the lord of another neighbouring manor, of Rudlow, was to find a horfe faddled, and a fack to carry the bounty in, with drums and trumpets, as far as a day's journey out of the manor : all the tenants of the manor being fummoned to at- tend, and pay fervice to the bacon. V. Plot. Nat. Hift. Stafford, c ic. §. 77.

The Bacon of Du^morc, firft erected under Henry III. was on much the fame footing ; only the tenor of the oath was, that . the parties had never once repented, or wifhed themfelves un- married again. Plot. 1. c. §. 80.

BAC IROPERATA, an antient appellation given to philofo- phers by way of contempt, denoting a man with a ftaff" and a budget. Hieron in Matth. c. 10.

The word is alfo "written Baftropereta. It is compounded of B«x n fo», ftaff, and Tn?«, bag, or budget.

Du Gauge is of opinion, it ought to be written Baclroperita ; and that it denoted a traveller, or pilgrim, who carried a ftaff and a leathern bottle of wine, as the word is explained by Papias. Did. de Trev. T. 1. p 787.

We fuppofe it is of the fame people, that Pafchafius Radbertus fpeaks, under the corrupt nameof Baccoperitts, or Bacchionitx, whom he defcribes as philoibphers who had fo great a con- tempt for all earthly things, that they kept nothing but a difli to drink out of; and that one of this order feeing a pea- faht fcooping up the water in his hand, threw away his cup as a fuperfluity ; which is nothing but the old ftory of Dio- genes the Cynic. Di£f. de Trev. T. t. p. y$ 2.

BACULARES, a feci; of anabaptifts, fo called, as holding it unlawful to bear a fword, or any other arms, befides a ftaff. Pratal Elench. Ha^ret. P. 1. 1. 2. §. 2.

BACULARIUS, in writers of the middle age, an ecclefiaftical .apparitor, or verger; who carries a ftaff, bacculns, in his hand, as an enfign of his office. Du Cange, GlofT. Lai. T. 1. p. 425.

BACULI S t! . Paul!, orbatoons of St. Paul, a kind of figured ftones of the fame fubftance with thofe refembling the briftles of fome american Echini, called by Dr, Plott Lapides Ju- daic!. Lhuyd. in Ray Phil. Lett. p. 235.

BACXJLOMETKYy Baculometria, (Cycl.) — is properly that branch or fpecies of geodefia, which finds heights and diftances, by the help of ftaves. Wolf. Lex. Math. 235. Schwenter has explained this art in his geometria practica ; the rules of it are alfo laid down by Wolfius a, .in his element? ;

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Ozanafn aHo gives an illuftration of the principles of Lacuh- mctry\ - [• Elem; Geom. § ,83, IQ -, M 2 20.-, fcq. 271, 345. _»Di&Maf£] 4J '

BACULOSUS Eedefiaftiaa, in fome antient laws, is ufed for a biftop or abbot, dignified with the paftoral ftaff, or crazier. Spdm. Gloff. p. 55, a. BADGER, in zoology, See the articles Taxus and Mei.es. BADiAGA, in the materia medica, the name of a fort of fpungy pljnt, common in the (hops in Mofcow, and fome other northern kingdoms.

The life of it is the taking away the livid marks from blows and bruifes, which the powder of this plant is faid to do in a. night's time.

We owe the knowledge of this medicine, and its hiftory, to the accurate Buxbaum. He obferves, that the plant is always found under water, and is of a very fingular and peculiar na- ture.

It fomewhat refembles the akyomums, and fomewhat the fpunges, but differs greatly from both, in that it is full of fmall round granules, refembling feeds. It is of a Ioofe, light, and fpungy ftruflure, and is made up of a number of fibres of an herbaceous matter, and is dry, rigid, and friable be- tween the fingers.

This may ferve as the generical character of the badiaga, of which this accurate obferver has found three different fpecies. The firft of thefe he calls the great badiaga; this is mentioned in Lofel's Flora Pruffica, under the name of Mufcm aquaticus ceratnides, the horned water mofs ; and Breynius calls it an elegant fpecies of fpunge; the feeds of this large kind are 1 whitifh, and are convex on one part, and hollowed on the other, in the manner of the crabs eyes ; the fmell of this fpe- cies is very offenfive, and refembles the fmell of fome rankfifh. The fecond fpecies is fmaller, and lefs branched than this, and is remarkable for its yellow feeds. It is like the former, of a dark blackifh green colour, and of a fifty rank fmell ; this ufuaily adheres either to the mud at the bottom of lakes, or to fome fmall water plants, fuch as the three leaved duckweed, or the like, whereas the former is generally found flicking to old boards. This loves^ftanding water, and is called the leffer badiaga.

The third kind is the grey, or aft-coloured badiaga ; this is the plant called the branched brittle river-fpunge, by Mr. Ray. This is a much more elegant plant than either of the other fpecies, and much approaches to the nature of the branched fpunges, but it is very brittle ; the branches of this often grow together, and form cavities between them occluded on all fides. The feeds of this fpecies Buxbaum had not an opportunity of obferving, but judged from a funilarity in the other parts of the plants, that they were like thofe of the reft. Act. Petrop. Vol. 2. p. 344. BADIGEON, a mixture of plainer and free-ftone, well ground together, and' fifted ; ufed by ftatuaries to fill up the little holes, and repair the defects in ftones, whereof they make their ftatues and other work. Savar. Diet. Com. p. 200. Mafons give the fame name to a kind of mortar made of the duft, or fragments of free-ftone, wherewith they colour, or fmeer over the common plainer, to give it a refembLnce of free-ftone.

The fame term is alfo ufed by joiners, for faw-duft mixed with ftrong glue, wherewith they fill up the chaps, and other de- fects in wood, after it is wrought. BADOUCE, in natural hiftory, the Eaft Indian name of a fruit, very common in that part of the world. It is round, and of the fize of one of our common apples ; it is yellow on the outfide, and white within. It refembles the man- gouftan ; but its pulp is more tranfparent ; its tafte is very agreeable, and has fome refemblance of that of our goofeberries. B^ETUS, in ichthyology, a name given byAriftotle, and other of the antient Greeks, to the fift called by the Latin writers ■ cottus ; particularly to that fpecies of it which we call the bull- head, or the miller's-tbwnb. See Cottus. BjETYLOS, or Bjetylion, in antiquity, a kind of ftones worfhipped among the Greeks, Phrygians, and other nations of the eaft; fuppofed by modern naturalifts to be the fame with our ceraunia, or thunder-ftone. Mercal. Metalloth. Arm. 9. c. r6. p. 24c. See the article Ceraunia. The Batylos, among the Greeks, is rcprefented as the fame with the abadir amongthe Romans. See the article Abadir. The Batyli, reprefented by the ancient mythologifts, are con- fidered by fome as a kind of animated ftatues fuppofed to have been invented by Caelus, in his war againfc Saturn. Others derive their origin and worfhip from the ftone which Saturn is faid to have fwallowed by miftakefor his fon Jupiter: others from the pillar of ftone, which the patriarch Jacob erected at Bethel b ; and which was afterwards worfhipped by the Jews c. And hence the ufual etymology of the word d. — [ b Genef. c. 28. v. 1 8. ' Fabric. Cod. Apocr. vet. Teft. T. 1. c. 440. §. t34. Mem. Acad. Infcrip. T. 2. p. 178. d V. Vojf. Etym. p. 60. b.] • 4 V '

The priefts of Cybele carried a Batyhs on their breaft, repre- fenting the mother of the gods. But it is a miftake to fup- pofe, that this was the only reprefentation of the goddefs that they carried about with them. V. Earner, in Hift.

J Ac ad. Infcrip. T. 3. p. 361. Thefe