Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/231

 AUG

certain perfons, or ufes k Ksnn. GloIT. ad Paroch. Antiq. in voc.

This is more peculiarly called Attornare rem, to attorn a thing. Quas quidem quatuor folidos attomam ad. uwm pro- tantiam, fatieridam in eonventu Ofencienft, Id. Paroch. Antiq ( p. 209.

Attornark Perfonam denotes to depute a reprefentative, or proxy, to appear and a£t for another. Kenn. Gloff. in voc. Thus in trials at common law, the plaintiff, or defendant, retained Attomatiim fuum pojitum in loco fuo ad lucrandum vel ferdendum. Id. Paroch. Antiq. p. 405.

ATTORN KVO faciendo vel rccipiendo, in the common law, a writ to command a fheriff, orfteward, of a county-court, or hundred- court, to receive and admit an Attorney to appear for the perfon that oweth fuit of court. F.N. B. 156. Every perfon that owes fuit to the county-court, court-baron, &c. may make an Attorney to do his fuit. Stat. 20. H. 3. c. 10. Blount, Cowel. ATTROW, in botany, a name given by the people of Gui- nea to a plant which they ufe in cafes of fwellings, boiling the leaves in water, and ufing the decoction by way of a fomen- tation.

It is a fpecies of kali, and is called by Petiver Kali Guineenfc foliis poligoni, floribus verticilli in modum difpohtis, from its leaves refembling the common knot-grafs, and its flowers growing in rundles round the ftalks. Phil. Tranf. N°. 232.

A PTRUtvIMAPHOC, in botany, a name given by the peo- ple of Guinea to a fhrub which they ufe in medicine ; they boil it in water, and give the decoction in the venereal difeafe. The juice of it, when frefh prefled out, is alfo ufed, muffed up the noftrils, to promote fneezing, and cure feveral dif orders of the head and eyes. Phil. Tranf. N°. 232. It is a fpecies of coluten, called by Petiver Colutea lanuginofa fortius parvis filiquis pilofis deorfum tendentious, and Dr. Her- man calls it an Aflragalus. Commelin tells us alfo, that it Is called, by the inhabitants of Ceylon, pilaglias. It grows in fandy places, and rifes to about a yard high ; the root is fi- brous and whitifh, the ftalks are woody and reddifh, and very hairy ; the leaves grow by pairs, with one at the extremity, fometimes three, and fometimes five, growing on a rib ; they are covered on both fides with a foft woollinefs, and have a ftyptic and aftringent tafte. The flowers are of the papi- lionaceous kind, and grow in long fpikes, upon a naked pe- dicle j the cup is compofed of fix hairy leaves, and the pod is hairy, and of a roundifh fhape, like a packthread, and about -three quarters of an inch long ; the pedicles of the fingle pods are very fhort, and the feeds are fmall, and lie lengthwife in the pod, feparated by thin partitions.

ATYPOS, Erratic, or Irregular, a word ufed by the old writers in medicine, for fuch difeafes as did not obferve any regularity in their periods.

Others have alfo ufed the fame word in a very different fenfe, namely, for deformities and irregularities in the limbs ; and others, for perfons, who from fome defects in the organs of fpeecb, cannot articulate certain particular founds.

AVANIA, in the Turkifh legiflature, a fine for crimes, and, on deaths, paid to the governor of the place. In the places where feveral nations live together under a Turkifh governor, he takes this profitable method of punifhing all crimes among the Chriftians, or Jews, unlefs it be the murther of a Turk. Pocock's Egypt, vol. 2. p. 2. p. 30.

AVANTE, Avo,iw, among the old writers in phyfic, a name given to a difeafe, feeming, from their accounts of it, the fame we call hypochondriafm. Hippocrates has left us the fol- lowing account of it.

The patient can neither bear abftinence, nor eating ; when failing, he has a rumbling in his belly, with a gnawing pain in-hisftomach, : and vomits up variety of matters, as bile, fali- va, phlegm, and an acrimonious matter, and, after vomiting, fcems to be a little eafier. After eating, he is molcfted with eructations, and an inflammatory heat and rednefs ; he always fancies he has occafion to make a plentiful float, but ufually ■voids only wind ; he is afflicted with a pain in his head, and a pricking, as if with needles, in different parts of his body; his legs feem heavy, and he becomes very weak and exte- nuated.

In this cafe a purge muff be given, and after that a vomit ; the head is particularly to be purged : The patient is to abftain from fat, oleous, and fweet foods, and not to indulge himfelf ■in much drinking. After meals provoke vomiting, and, if the .feafon permit, after the ufe of affes milk, and whey, let him take a vomit or a purge, which ever fhall be judged molt fuitable to his cafe. If it be fpring, or fummer, let him bathe in cold water; if autumn, or winter, let him ufe unctions, and much exercife, or take a journey. His.dietmuit be ■ cool and laxative; and, ifcoftive, emollient clyfters muft be adminifter'd.

This is a chronic difeafe, and feldom leaves a man till old age, nay often accompanies him thro' that, to the grave.

AUBIN, in horfeinanfhip, a kind of broken gait, or pace, be- tween an amble and a gallop ; reputed a defect in a horfe. Cuill, Gent. Diet. V7 1, in voc.

AUCTORATI, in Roman antiquity, an appellation given to fu«h as entered the lifts as glad»tors.

AVE

Others will have the Auftorati to have been gladiators who re* ceived wages; or who hired themfelves, for money, to per- form in the games, or lpectacles. Pitifc. T. 1. p. 204. a* Brijf. de Verb. Signif. p. 68- a. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 98. b* Aquin. Lex, Milit.

The Auclorati degraded themfelves by the act; and became fervile and infamous.

Auctoratus ad fcpeliendum patrem, in Quintilian, denotes a perfon who let himfelf out to perform as a gladiator, in or-< der to raife money to bury his father. Quhit. Declar, 302.

Auctorati Milites alfo denoted foldiers bound by oath, and the receipt of wages, to ferve in war. Aquin. Lex. Milit. p. 103. b.

In this fenfe Auclorati ftand oppofed to ExauBorati, who Were difbanded.

The ftipend they received for their fervice, was denominated Autloramentum.

AUCTORATAS Senatus, in the Roman antiquity. See Se- natus Aucloritas.

AUDIANISM, the fyftem or fentiments of Audius and his fol- lowers ; particularly as to the belief of the human figure of the deity.

Audianifm amounts to the fame with Antbropomorpbifm. Audiafiifm appears to bemuch earlier than Audius: Manv, both among the antient Jews, Heathens, and primitive Chriftians^ feem to have given into fentiments much like thofe of the Au- dians. Not to mention that M. lc Clerc makes Mofes the patriarch or founder of Audianifm. 'Tis certain, the antient Sadducees, the Ebionites, Seleucus, Hermks, Melito bi- fhop of Sardis, Tertullian, and others, held the deity corpo- real. Epicurus calls God, A^^iro^o^o-;, M. Bayle charges the like belief on all the Gentiles.

The chief argument urged by Audius, was that pafiage in Genefis, Let us ?r.ake man after our own image, which he held, is not to be underftood of the formation of the foul of man ; (as that came not in courfe till afterwards) but merely of the formation- of the body of man ; fince immediately after the words Let us make man, &c. the infph'ed writer iubjoins, and God took of the duff, of the earth, and made man. Con- fequently, added he, it muft have been the body of man that God made after his own image : And therefore God has a body like the human. This he confirmed by two ether proofs ; the firft, from the apparitions of God to the pro- phets, recorded in the Old Teflament, which feem to in- fer, that he muft have been corporeal. 2°. From thofe paf- fages in fcripture which attribute eyes, ears, hand?, feet, fcfr. to the Divme Being, all which they interpreted according to the letter. V. Scbrocl Din", de Hsref. Audian §. 7, feq. Jour, des Scav. T. 63. p. 336.

Vogt has a dhTertation on Audianifm before Audius. De Au- dianifmo ante Audium. ext. ap. ejufd. Bibl. Hift. Piasrefeol. T. 1. p. 600.

AUDITIONALIS Scbolajlicus, in middle-age writers, is ufecf for an advocate who pleads caufes for his clients in audiences. DuCange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 383.

AVELLANA Purgatrix, in the materia medica, the fruit of a fpecies of ricinus. See Ricinus.

AVELLANDA, in botany, a name ^iven by the Spaniards to the roots of the Tarfi, or fweet Cyperus. Theft; are efcu- Jent, and of a very delicious tafte ; they feem to have had the name from their likenefs to the avellana nux, or hazel- nut. Garcias, and fome others, have thought that the cu- reas of Malabar was the fame with the Avellanda of Europe. But this does not feem to be the cafe, for the cureas is a fruit probably the fame with the fruit Bel, defcribed by the Ara- bians, and tho' of the fame fize and fbape with the Avellanda, has a hard coat like the .common filbert. Thecuruas of Egypt is indeed a root, but it is very different from thefe, being as long and as thick as a man's arm.

A VENA, the Oat, in the Linnasan fyftem of botany, makes a d.iftinct genus of plants, the characters of which are, that the cup is a glume, containing many flowers, compofed of two valves, and made up of a loofe arrangement of the flowers ; the valves are fharp pointed and bellied, and are large, lax, and without beards or awns. The flower is compofed of two valves, the inferior one is of the fize of the cup, but harder, fomewhat cylindric, bellied, and pointed at each end, and fends from its back part a beard or awn, fpirally inferted, and bent as it were with a knee. The ftamina are three ca- pillary filaments ; the antheras are oblong, and fplit into two at the ends. The germen of the piftillum is obtufe ; the ftyles are two in number, erect, and curled, and the ftigmata are .curled or waved. The flower very firmly enclofes the feed, which is fingle, oblong, and flender, and pointed at each end, and furrowed along the middle.

AVENUES (Cycl.)— All Avenues that lead to a houfe, ought to be at leaft as wide as the whole front of the houfe, if wider they are better ftill ; and Avenues to woods and profpects ought not to be lefs than fixty feet wide. The trees fhould not be planted nearer to one another than thirty-five feet, efpecially if they are trees of a fpreadjng kind, and the fame ought to be the diftance s if they are for a regular grove.

The