Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/212

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becomes n flefhy fruk, of a roundilh figure, but ufually a lit- tle comprefled iidewaj s, and having a furrow down its middle. This fruit contains a 'flatted itone, which includes a kernel of the fame figure. The fpecies of Apricot enumerated by Mr. Tournefort arc thefe.

i. The large fruited Apricot, with a bitter kernel. 1. The large fruited Apricot, with a fwcet kernel. 3. The Apricot with a middle fiz'd oblong yellowifh fruit, with a fweet ker- nel. 4. The Apricot with a final! fmootii yellow fruit, and a fweet kernel. 5. The Apricot with a middle fiz'd oblong fruit, partly yellow, partly red, and with a fwcet kernel. 6. The Apricot with a round fruit, of the fize of a hazel nut, partly red, and partly yellow. 7. The common fmall Apri- cot. 8. The Apricot with fmall fruit, of the fize of a hazel nut, and of a yellowifh red throughout. 9. The Apricot with a middle fiz'd oblong fruit, partly yellow, and partly green. 10. The Apricot with oblong middle fiz'd fruit, of a gold colour, and green. 11. The Apricot with oblong fruit, of the fize of a hazel nut, partly yellow, and partly of a bright red. Tourn. Init, p. 613,

ARMENIACUM, in natural hiftory, a name ufed by Aetius, and fdme other authors, for the lapis armenus, or blue ochre. See the article Armenus.

ARMENIUM, among the anticnt Greek writers, the name of the fine blue ore of copper, called lapis armenus at this time ; but it has appeared ifrange to fome, that Zofimus Panapolita- nus, and fome other of the old chemical writers, have men- tioned the Armenium as one of thofe foffils which yield a fine yellow colour. This author ranks it, on this occafion, with ochre, terra pontica, orpiment, and feveral other of the yellow foffils : And Theophilus, and fome other of the medi- cal writers, have compared the yellow colour of the fkin, in fome cafes, and the yellow tinge of the urine, to the Arme- nium,

It has perplexed the interpreters of their works to reconcile thefe paflages to the common fenfe of the word : But the true accountofthemis, thattho' theantient writers among theGreeks ufed this word Armenium only as the name of the lapis armenus, all the later writers, from the time of Galen downwards, ufed it as the name of the Armenian bole of that author. Now tho' our modern bole armenic is red, it is very plain, from all the antient writers, that their bole armenic was yellow ; and it was indeed jult fuch a colour as might be compar'd to ochre of fome kinds.

ARMENUS Lapis, Armenian Stone, in natural hiflory, a mi- neral fubftance, which is hut improperly called a ftone, being no other than an ochrcous earth, and properly called blue ochre. It is a very valuable fubftance in painting, being a bright and florid blue. It was in fo high efteem as a paint, among the anticnts, that counterfeits were continually at- tempted to ferve in its place : And Theophraftus has recorded ft as a thing judged worthy a place in the ./Egyptian annals, which of their kings had the honour of inventing the factitious kind ; and he tells us the genuine native fubftance was a thing of that value, that prefents were made of it to great perfons ; and that the Phoenicians paid their tribute in it. Hill's Theo- phraftus, p. 130.

It is a very beautiful earth, of an even and regular texture, and of a fine blue; fometimes deeper, fometimes paler, and frequently mixed with green. It is foft, tender, and light ; of an even, but fomewhat dufty, furface ; it adheres firmly to the tongue, and is dry, but not harfh to the touch. It eanly breaks between the ringers, and does not (lain the hands. It is of a brackiih difagreeable taftc, and does not ferment with acids. It is a very fcarce foffil, but is found very pure, tho' Sn but fmall quantities, in the mines at Goflelaer in Saxony. It is frequently found fpotted with green, and fometimes with black ; and very often is mixed among the green ochre, cal- led Berggruen by the Germans, which has thence, by fome, been crroncoufiy called by its name. Hill's Hift. of Foffils, p. 65.

ARMILAUSA,

in antiquity, a fhort military coat, put over

the thorax, and reaching down only to the knee. Aquin

Lex. Milit. T. 1. p. 83. feq. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1

p. 179.

it was thus called, as being divided both before and behind,

and only clofe about the moulders, in Arum t ant urn daufa,

quafi Armidaufa. Iftd. Oiig. 1. 19. c. 22.

The word is fometimes alio written Armelauja, Armilauf.a,

Armicafia, and Armikafia.

Axmilausa is alfo applied, in ecclcfiaitical writers, to the fca- pular of monks and canons ; thus called, on account of its hanging from the arms, or fhouldcrs. Scbmid. Lex. Ecclcf. p. 73. feq. 1 he fame habit is vulgarly called Patience,

ARMILLATI Milites, thofe who wore bracelets on their left arms, beitowed on them by the generals, or emperors. Tho' the term is more frequently applied to foft and effeminate fol- diers, who wore bracelets on their arms, not as the rewards of their prowefs, but marks of their foppery. Aquin. Lex. Miiit. T. 1. p. 84. a.

ARMILUSTRIUM (Cyd.)~ Some will have the Armihjlrium to have been a kind of facrcd game, wherein arms were ufed j held annually in honour of Titus Tatius,

ARM

Donatiis fuppofes them to have been performed by the falri, armed with helmets, fhiclds and fpears, or at leaft carrying thefe weapons in proceffion. Donat, de Urb. Rom. 1. 3. c. 17. Aquin. Lex. Milit. in voc. ARMINIUS, in literary hiftory, a celebrated romance in the German language, thus called from the name of its hero, the great champion, and deliverer of the Germans from the Roman yoke. V. Act. Erud. Lipf. 1689. p. 287. It. 1690. p. 271, Arm'inius was compofed by Cafpar von Lohcnftein, fyndic of Brefiau. It abounds not only in intrigues of love, and feats of valour, but in moral and political inftructions ; and con- tains a large field of antient and modern learning. The finish- ing of it was left by the author's death to another. Some have fufpe&ed that the late emperor Leopold was concealed under the character of Arminius, but that fuggeih'on feems without ground. Pajch. de Var. Mod. Moral Tradewl. c. 2. p. 197. Stoll. Introd. Hift. Liter. P. j. c. 1. §. 16. p. 12. ARMON1AC. See the article Sal.

ARMORACIA, in botany, a name given by the antients to a kind of radifh. Plrny mentions it, but his account leaves us very much in the dark ; for in one place he fays, that there are two kinds of radrfh, the common garden kind, and the wild one; which laft, the Greeks, he fays, called Agrion and Pont'idarmon, and the Latins Armorada. By this it fhould appear, that the wild radifh was called by the Ro- mans Armorada ; but he afterwards fays exprefsly, that* the garden radifh was common in Italy, and was called by them Armorada,

There feeni3 to be fome error in the copy of Pliny, in this lat- ter place, the firft having the moll title to our ailent, as the garden radifh needed no other name than that of Rapbanus t by which it was fufficiently known among the Romans in Pliny's time. The name Armorada is by fome written Arbo- racea, and fecms to be given the plant from the circles in its root, which when cut tranfverfely, refemble the feveral annual circles in the trunks of trees. Pliny, L. 27. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2. ARMORIAL, fomething that relates to arms, or heraldry. In this fenfe we fay an Armorial figure, Armorial bearing, Ar- morial enfign, the Armorial lilly of France, Armorial lion or leopard of England, &c.

There have been great difputes, and even wars, for the Armo- rial figures of Sweden, the three crowns, which the Danes have alfo claimed. Byatreaty concluded under the mediation of king James the VI th, of Scotland, it was agreed, that all contention for the three crowns fhould ceafe ; that the kings of Denmark and Sweden fhould have equally the liberty to ufe the fame for ever, on condition that the king of Denmark fhould not, by fuch ufe, pretend to any right or tide over the kingdom of Sweden. Nifict, EfT. on Armor, c. 16. p. 206. The antient Armorial figures of the Englifh banner royal were three leopards, which the Scottifh heralds, on the acceflion of king James the firft, afierted were originally thofe of the dukedoms of Normandy and Aquitain, and confequently were to <nve precedency to the royal Armorial figure of Scotland^, the lion rampant. The Englifh denied, that the Armorial figures, borne for England, were thofe of Normandy and Aquitain, tho' not to be diftinguifhed from them in appear- ance, and aflcrtcd them to be new ones aiTumed by their kings fince the conqueft.

To make this appear, William Segar, garter king at arms, delivered a manufcript to king James, entitled, The variation of the arms and badges of the kingdom of England, from the time of Brutus, a thoufand years before the incarnation, till the year one thoufand fix hundred after the incarnation ; which is ftill extant. The occafion of compofing it was, that king James had delivered it as his opinion, that England had no certain arms belonging to it : In anfwer to which, Segar endeavours to fhew, that tho' no nation had changed their arms oftener than the Englifh had done, by reafon of the feveral invafions and conquefts made by the Romans, Saxons^ Danes, and Normans ; yet, that fince king Henry the Second's time, who left the Norman leopards, and took the Englifh lions, the arms of England had been moft conftant. But the mixture of fabulous tradition in his work, does no great honour to the caufe he maintains. He defcribes, e. gr. the arms of each of the three fons of Brute, among whom the ifland was divided ; The eldeft, named Lochern, to whom that part, now called England, fell, bore for his arms, or, a lion pajjani guardant % gules. The fecond, to whom Albarn'a, now Scotland, felf T bore a lion rampant, guleSj which to this day, with the addi- tion of the double trefliire, continues the arms of Scotland, fs'c. Some have afked a reafon for changing thofe leopards into lions, or making a diftintftion between leopards and lions paf- fant guardant ! For that 'tis faid, in heraldry, there is none ; a lion pajfanl and full faced, fhewing both his eyes, which the Englifh call guardant, being Called a leopard by the French, and other nations. It may be added, that the antient Englifh Armorial figures are called leopards by feveral antient Englifh, as well as Erench and Latin heralds and biftorians-. Nijbet, EfT on Armor. C. 14. p. 160. feq. Armorial is alfo a title given to feveral books, which contain the arms of a number of perfons of quality. Richest, Diet, in voc

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