Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/211

 ARI   ARM

1. The common broad-leaved Ariẛarum. 2. The greater broad-leaved Ariẛarum. 3. The Ariẛarum, with the flower terminated in a ẛharp point. 4. The large-leaved trifoliate American Ariẛarum. 5. The leẛẛer trifoliate American Ariẛarum. Tourneẛ.Inẛt. p.161.

The leaves and flowers of Ariẛarum are deterẛive and vulnerary; and applied either in the form of ointment or decoction, they cure malignant ulcers. Its root taken in powder, is eẛteemed againẛt the plague; the doẛe being from a ẛcruple to a dram. Of the root alẛo are made collyria, which are effectual in curing fiẛtulas of the eyes; but by collyria, Dioẛcorides does not mean, what we call ẛo, but tents made in the ẛhape of a collyrium. It corrupts the pudendum of any animal whatever, if introduced into it. V. Lemery, des drog. in voc.

ARISH {Cycl.) — The Persian Ariẛh, according to Mr. Greaves, is a long meaẛure equal to 38 764/1000 English inches. Treat. Pract. Geom. p. 9.

ARISI, Rice, an Indian word, which does not properly ẛignify the plant which produces the rice, but the ẛeed itẛelf, when cleanẛed from its huẛk, and render'd fit for uẛe. The Indians call it Ariẛi in this ẛtate; but in the huẛk, and upon the plant, they call it nellon

ARISTA oẛ Corn, in botany, the ẛharp-pointed prickle which ẛtands out from the huẛk or end of the grain, and is commonly known in Engliẛh by the name of the awn, or beard. Miller's Gardner's Dict.

ARISTA, in ichthyology, a name given by Gaza, and ẛome other writers, to a fiẛh called, by the generality of authors, Atherina and Hepẛetus. See.

ARISTOLOCHIA, Birthwort, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are these. The flower consists of one leaf, and is tubular, and fashion'd like a tongue, and is usually crooked. The cup finally becomes a membranaceous fruit, of a globular, an oval, or a cylindric figure, and is divided into six cells, which contain a number of flatted seeds, lying closely upon one another. The species of Aristolochia, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are these.

1. The round rooted Birthwort, with a blackish purple flower. 2. The round rooted Birthwort, with a purplish white flower. 3. The true long rooted Birthwort. 4. The Spanish long rooted Birthwort. 5. The upright clematite Birthwort. 6. The creeping clematite Birthiwort. 7. The many rooted Birthwort, called Pislolochia. 8. The little hoary Pislolochia, g. The cretic ever green Pislolochia. 10. The Virginian many rooted Birthwort, with auriculated leaves, 11. The knotted stalk'd Virginian Pistolochia, called Virginian snakeroot by some. 12. The oriental Aristolochia, with spear-pointed leaves. 13. The sweet smelling ever green clematite Birthwort. 14. The white flowered ever green clematite Birthwort. 15. The long stalk'd climbing Birthwort, with leaves like those of the hatchet vetch. 16. The long leav'd climbing American Birthwort, with creeping roots. 17. The creeping rooted American Birthwort, with heart-fashion'd leaves, and very long blackish purple flowers. 18. The creeping rooted American 'Birthwort', with trifid or ivy-like leaves, and large flowers. 19. The creeping rooted American Birthwort, with an umbilicated leaf like the asarum, and a very long flower. Tourn. Inst. p. 162.

The roots of Aristolochia are ranked among the nervous sim- ples, and highly esteemed for their power of cleansing the womb, both as provoking the menstrual discharges, and promoting delivery. Some alexipharmic qualities are also ascribed to them; on which account they have a place in the composition of the theriaca, and some other medicines of the fame tribe. Externally applied, they are reckoned detergent and suppurative, and, for that reason, make a part of the styptic plaisters of Crollius and Paracelsus. Taken internally, they are great resolvers of viscidities, and therefore much recommended against the gout, asthma, &c. They allay the excessive pains after child-birth, and are very serviceable for the necessary purgations on that occasion. V. Quinc. Pbarm. P. 2. §. 1. p. 89- Burggr. and James, Lex. Med. in voc.

ARISTOPHANEUM, Αριςτοφανειον, in the antient physic, a name given to a kind of emollient plaister, prepared of pitch, wax, opopanax, apochyma, and vinegar. Gorr. Def. Med. p-Si. b.

ARISTOTELIA, Αριςτοτελεια, in antiquity, annual feasts, celebrated by the citizens of Stagiris, in honour of Aristotle, who was born there; and in gratitude for his having procured from Alexander the rebuilding, and re-peopling of that city, which had been demolished by king Philip. Ammon, in Vit. Aristot. Stanl. Hist. of Philos. P. 6. c. 8.

ARISTOTUS, in ichthyology, a name given by Albertus and others to the fiẛs which we call the ẛhad, or the mother of herrings. See the articles and.

ARITHMETIC [Cycl.)— Decadal Arithmetic, that performed by the nine figures and a cypher, supposed to be the invention of the Arabians, and was, no doubt, taken from the number of our fingers; because these are commonly made use of in computations, before people learn arithmetic.

Political. See.

Arithmetical Music is that part of the science of musie which considers the relations of sounds and numbers.

ARLYNG, in zoology, a name by which the common œenanthe is called, in many parts of England. See the article OENANTHE.

ARM {Cycl.) — We have an account of a man whose Arm, with the scapula, was torn off by a mill, and who was cured without any hæmorrhage. See Phil. Trans. N° 449. §. 5.

ARMADA, or ARMATA, a naval army, or fleet equip' d for war.

In this sense we say the Spanish Armada, the Portuguese Armada. The captain bassa, before he puts to sea with his Armada of galleys, usually makes a visit to the tomb of the famous Barbarossa, Phil. Tranf. M 152. p. 345.

ARMADILLA, in the Spanish America, denotes a squadron of men of war, to the number of six or eight, from twenty-four to fifty pieces of canon, which the king maintains, to prevent foreigners from trading with the Spaniards and the Indians, both in time of war, and peace. Savar. Dict. Comm. SuppL p. 30. Aubert. ap. Richel. Dict. T. 1. p. 120. c. The vessels of this Armadilla are those that have made so much noise, under the name of Guarda Costa's. They have even power to take all Spanish merchant-ships they meet with on the coasts, that have not licences from the king. The south sea has its Armadilla, as well as the north sea. The ordinary abode of the former are at Calao, a port of Lima; that of the latter at Carthagena.

ARMADILLO, in zoology, the name of an animal somewhat approaching to the hedge-hog kind, and called by the Latin authors the Echinus Brasiliensis.

This creature gathers himself up, when he pleases, head, feet, and tail, within his shell, and becomes as round as a ball; and this he does, not only when pursued, but every time he sleeps. He is so good at digging, that, unless tied up, he will make his way out under the walls of a house. He is extremely valued among the Brasilians, for the whiteness and delicacy of his flesh, and is a great dish, in their best feasts. The plates of his shell, powder'd, and given in a dose of a dram, are esteem'd a sudorific, and a remedy for the lues venerea. Barlaeus de Reb. Bras. p. 222, See Tab. of Quadrupeds, N° 21.

ARMAMAXI, in antiquity, a kind of Scythian chariots, or carriages, composed of two wheels, variously adorned with crowns, shields, breast-plates, and other spoils, carried in procession after the images of the gods and great men. Pitisc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 177. a.

The word is hybrid, compounded of the Latin Arma, and the Greek Aμαξα, Plaustum, carriage. These were sometimes also Called Amaxi, or Amaxœ.

ARMATIUM, Αρματιον, in the antient physic, a detesrive kind of collyrium, of great value in removing aẛperities of the eyelids. Gorr. Def.Med. p.52.a.

Its chief ingredients were aes ustum, gum ammoniac, and the roots of the tree Thus. The preparation is described by Galen, Aëtius, Paulus, and Scribonius.

ARMATURE, Armatura, in a general sense, is the same with what we otherwise call armour.

ARMATURA is more particularly used in the antient military art, for a kind of exercise, performed with missive weapons, as darts, spears, arrows, and the like. Aquin. Lex, Milit. T. 1. p. 82. a.

In this sense, Armatura stands contradistinguished from Palaria; the latter being the exercise of the heavy armed, the former of the light armed.

The Armatura was practised with great diligence among the Romans: They had their campidoctores, on purpose to in- struct. the tyrones, or young soldiers, in it. Under it were included, the throwing of the spear or javelin, shooting with bows and arrows, &amp;c. Kenn. Rom. Ant. Not. P. 2. 1. 4. c. 13. Pitisc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 177. seq.

ARMATURA is also an appellation given to the soldiers who were light armed. Veget. 1.2. c. 15.

Aquinus seems, without reason, to restrain Armatura to the tyrones, or young soldiers, under discipline or tutorage in the exercise above-mentioned. Aquin. Lex. Milit. T. 1. p. 82.

Armatura is also a denomination given to the soldiers in the emperor's retinue. Du Cange, Gloss. Lat. T. 1. in voc. Of these we find two schools, mentioned in the notitia imperii, called the Armatura Seniores, and Armatura Juniores. Their commander was entitled Tribunus Armaturarum. Pancirollus supposes them to have been thus called, because heavily armed, or rather because completely armed, or beause their order conwisted of such as had been disciplin'd in arms under the campidoctor.

ARMED Loadstone. See Loadstone.

ARMENA, in botany, a name given by Pliny to a kind of wild asparagus; but the antient Greeks have used the same word to express the young shoots of the common asparagus, at the time when they are eaten; and not only these, but the young sprouts of the cabbage, and of all other esculent plants.

ARMENIACA, Apricot, in botany, the name of a genus of trees, the characters of which are these. The flower is of the rosaceous kind, being composed of several petals, arranged in a circular form. The pistil arises from the cup, and finally becomes