Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/203

 aqJj

AQyATUM, in fome phyfical writers, denotes a thing diluted

with water. Brun. Lex. Med. p. 116. Aquatum Ovorum is ufed, by fome naturalifts, for what is

otherwife called Grando, but more ufually Cbafaza. Brun.

lib. cit. SeeCHALAZA. AQUIFOL1UM, Holly, according to Tournefort, the name

of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The

Jower confifts only of one leaf, and is of the rotated kind ;

the pifr.il arifes from the cup, and is fixed in the manner of

a nail to the middle of the flower, and finally becomes a

juicy fruit or Berry containing feeds, gibbofe on one fide,

and flat on the other.

The fpecies of Holly enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe ;

I. The common Holly. 2. The Holly with leaves variegated with yellow. 3. The Holly with leaves variegated with white. 4, The Holly with filvery thorns, and filvery edges to the leaves. 5. The rounder-leav'd Holly, with filvery thorns, and filvery edges to the leaves. 6. The Holly with filvery fpines, and with leaves edg'd on one fide only with a filvery white. 7. The longer-leav'd Holly, with yellow fpines, and yellow edges to the leaves. 8. The rounder- leav'd Holly, with yellow fpines, and yellow edges to the leaves. 9. The yellow-berried Holly : And 10. The Holly with the whole furface of the leaves echinated, called hedge- hog Holly. Town. Inft. p. 6oc.

AQUILA, (Cycl.) The Eagle.— The general character of thefe birds is, that they are birds of prey, flying about in the day- light, not like the owl kind in the night, very large in fize, extremely bold and fierce, and have beaks growing crooked, immediately from their insertion at the head. The eagle differs from the hawk in fize, and from the vulture in the crooked- nefs of his whole beak. Willoughbfs Ornkhol. p. 26. See Tab. of Birds, N° 1.

Aquila Brava, in Botany, a name given by the Portuguefe to the Agallochum Sylvejhre-. See AgallochuM. Hofm. Lex. in voc. Tarum.

Aquila Crijlata, the Crejled Eagle, a name under which Ni- eremberg has defcribed an American fpecies of bird, of the Eagle kind, called by the Indians Tzquabtli. It has a yellow and black beak, pale yellow legs, and the belly white, varie- gated with black ; its neck is of a brownifh yellow, its back and tail variegated with brown and black, and it has a very fine creft of black feathers on its head. It is, by much, the largeff. of all the eagles, yet it is eafily tamed, andficted for the diverfions of hawking. This is placed by Mr. Ray among the birds, the defcripttons of which he is very fufpicious of. Ray's Ornkhol. p. 299.

Aquila Marina, Sea Eagle,, in ornithology, a name ufed by fome authors for the Halicetus, or ofprey. JVilloughby'% Ornith. p. 29.

Aquila Marina, the Sea Eagle, in ichthyology, the name of a fpecies of cartilaginous flat fifh, of the paftinachia marina kind. It is generally found fmall, butfometimesgrowstoavery large fize. Its head is large for a fifh. of this genus, and fome- whatrefembles a toad's in fhapc ; its eyes are large and promi- nent ; its mouth is placed in the under part of the head, and is large, arid furnifhed with ftrong teeth. Its fides are broad and and thin, arid .reprefent the expanded wings of an eagle, whence it had its name. Salvlan, de Aquat. p. 112. See Tab. of Fifties, N° 67.

Aquilje Arbor, in botany, a name given, by fome authors, to the tree whofe wood is the agallochum, or lignum aloes of of the fhops. Kempf. Amon. Ex. p. 903.

AQJJILEGIA, Columbine,. in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower is of the polypetalous, anomalous kind, confifting of feveral irregular petals, fome being plain, and others hooded, or galeated, and both placed in an alternate order.

The piftillum arifes from the center of the flower, and Is fur- rounded with ftamina. This finally becomes a fruit, in which feveral capfules are collected together into a fort of head : Thefe ufually contain flat oval feeds. Tourn. Inft. p. 488. See Tab. 1. of Botany, Oafs n.

The fpecies of Columbine enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe: 1. The common wild Columbine. 1. Thcfinglegardenred Columbine, 3. The fingle garden white Columbine. 4. The bluifh white Columbine. 5. The brownifh Columbine. 6. The hairy Columbine, with vifcous flowers. 7. The fingle flefli- cobared garden Columbine. 8. The fingle garden Columbine^ with flowers variegated with blue and purple. 9. The jingle white garden Columbine^ with flowers ftreaked, and fpotted with blue. 10. The great flowered mountain Columbine.

II. The fmall flowered mountain Columbine, with leaves like meadow rue. \%. The thalictrum-leav'd Columbine, with

extremely fmall white flowers. 1 3, The tall early flowering Canada Columbine. 14. The low early flowering Canada Columbine. 15. The double garden Columbine, with great blue flowers. 16. The double garden Columbine, with great violet-colour'd flowers. 17. The double garden Columbine. with great white flowers. 18. The double garden Colum- bine, with great greyifh. flowers. 19. The double garden Columbine, with great red flowers. 20. The double garden Columbine, with great deep red flowers. 21. The purple flowered Columbine, 22 The great double variegated Colum-

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bine. 23. The great garden Columbine, with double violet- colour'd flowers. 24. The great garden Columbine, with: double brownifh flowers. 25. The double garden. Columbine, with fmall flowers. 26. The garden Columbine, with in- verted rofe-like flowers. 27. The garden Columbine^ with white inverted flowers. 28. The garden Columbine, with flefli-coloured inverted flowers. 29. The garden Columbine, with inverted blue flowers. 30. The garden Columbine, with double rofe-like flowers. 31. The purple ftellatcd Columbine, 32. The red-flowered ftellate Columbine. 33; The violet flowered ftellate Columbine. 34. The ftellate Columbine, with white flowers variegated with black fpots. 35. The ftellate Co- lumbine, with variegated flowers. 36. The ftellate Colwnbine, with grey flowers, variegated with purple fpots. 37. The greeniih-flowered degenerate Columbine. 38. The degene- rate Columbine, with greenifh purple flowers. Tourn. Inft. p. 429. See Columbine. , f

Aquilegia, in medicine. — The flowers of this plant are of different colours, fome blue, fome purple, fome white, and fome of them indented. The blue is only ufed in apothecaries fhops, where the feed, the flower, and the herb, are all em- ployed. It is moderately dryings opening, and healing. It purifies the blood, and removes obftructions of the liver and fpleen. It diffipatcs the bile, and is of lingular efficacy in curing the jaundice. A powder, or emulfion of its feeds, as alfo its diftilled water, are of great fervicc in the jaundice i in which cafe, its extract may be alfo ufed with fuccefs. ■, Many other virtues are afcribed to it. by, medical writers : It removes the fcurvy ; promotes a difchafge of urine, and the monthly evacuations of women ; cures a beginning dropfy j is excellent for the breaft and lungs ; reiifts all kinds of puifon ; cures wounds, and removes pains k of the belly and ma- trix. Its feed, reduced to powder, and taken in wine, is recommended by Clufius in tedious labours, coftivenefs of children, pains in the ears, (3"c. The flowers have a cordial quality, and are cfteemed good in malignant feverSj final! pox, and fiieafles. Its fyrup is excellent in diforders of the throat and breaft; and a decoction of the whole herb, and root jri wine, with the addition of a little ambergreafe, is alfo recom- mended agairift impotency and barrennefs, Vid. Burrgr. Lex. Med. and fames? Med. Diet, in voc. ■ '

AQUILICIUM, or Aqxijelicium, in antiquity, a facrifice, celebrated. among the Romans, in time of exceffive droughts, to obtain rain of the gods-. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 140. a. Vdff, Etym. in voc. Aqua. -..,

Dapet calls this Aquilic'xana.^ Thepriefts.who officiated at it were denominated Aquilices, quia aqucm elictebani, becaufe they brought down water : But where he finds this new order of J>riefis, he does not tell us. Danet t Lex. Ant, in voc. Aqtiiliciana. ., .< i •. " 1 •■

By this, however, it fhould feern, that the antient Romans feafted for the fame end as the moderns faft.

AQUILIFER, among the Romans, an enfign-bearer, who carried the ftandard on which the eagle was reprefented. Da- net, Lex. Ant. in voc. S'tgna. See Sign a.

AQUILUS, among the antients, a dark, or dufky colour, ap- proaching to black. Fab. Tbef. p. 215. ; Hence fome of the heathen gods were called Dti Aquili, q. d. Nigri. -..

AQpIMINARIUM, in antiquity, a. kind of luftral yefTel, wherein the Romans carried their holy water for expiation, and other religious offices. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T- 1. p. 140. a.

AQUIQUf, in natural hiftory, the name of a particular fpecies of monkey, called by the people of Brafil,. the king monkey, as being much larger than all the other monkeys. ; This creature has in his throat. a hollow s and very hard, but thin, and femi-tranfparent bone, two inches and a half long, an inch and half, or more," in height, and nearly two inches in breadth. It has at one end an aperture, an inch wide every way, and on the toi> is furrowed fo, as to reprefent a puppy's. fkull : It is placed in the throat, or at the upper end of the larynx, near the epiglottis, and ferves the creature, when he pleafes to make a very loud noife. De Last. Ind. Occ. L. 25. c. 5., , . , . ■ . ,".,..

AQUO, in zoology, a name by which fome authors have called the ayonus, a fifli much approaching to the nature of the alaufa, or (had. Benedittus Jovius. See Ayonus.,^

A&A parva, the little Altar, a denomination, in the antient furgery, given to an elegant kind of bandage, (aid to have been invented by Spftratus. Gal. dc Fafciis. n. 96. Brun. Lex. Med. in voc. See Bandage.

ARABIAN, .{Cycl.) in a general fenfe, fomething belonging ta Arabia, orthe Arabs. ....

Some writers fp eak of an Arabian church, founded by the apoltles St. Peter and St. Paul, who are faid to have travelled thither. Whence we alfo find frequent mention of Arabian bifhops.andbifhoprIcs. V.' Fabric. Lux. Evang. c. 41. p. 693.

, The Arabian. learning is divided into two ftates, or periods^ viz. Ante-Mahomeran, and Mahometan. Little is known concerning the firir, which yet muff, have been

I both very confiderable, and .very antient, if, as is generally

• allowed by the modejn learned, Job were of that nation, at, leaft lived in the Country % and his friends of the feet of Sa- bacms. We are alfo aflureJ, that Porphyry, Pythagoras,

and