Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/193

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APOPHYSIS (Cycl.) is the fame with what we other wife call procefs, eminence, probole, projecture, protuberance, ec- phyfis, head, and the like. Fan Horn, Microcofm. §. u. p. 8.

Apophyses differ from Epipbyfes, as thefe latter are only ap- pendages adhering or contiguous to a bone ; whereas the for- mer are productions or continuations of the bone itfelf, fhooting out from it like branches from the trunk of a tree. Bar- thel. Libel. 4- Anat. c. i. See Epiphysis, Cycl. Apopbyfes, with regard to figure, may be reduced to two kinds, round and long.

The former are called by the general name of beads. Thefe may be lubdivided into two forts : If the head be large, ob- long, and very prominent, it is called fimply, Kipeto, caput, head j if flat and low, RonSy*©*, co?idylus. The long kind are alfo fubdivided into acute and obtufe : The acute terminating in a point, is called Repawn, corona, from the refemblance it bears to a quail's bill. There are divers fpecies of this, diftinguifhcd according to their figure, by different names ; that refembling a ftyle or bodkin is ca&z&Jlybides, FiAreioV, or grapbioides, yputpwi&n } that refembling a breaft, majhides or mammaria, (*«roEi^j that refembling an an- chor, anchoroides, a.yx.Q^nhs ; that refembling a crow's bill, coracoides, Ko§a*oei&j$ ; that refembling a tooth, o&wioet&K, or dentiformis. Hence alfo the terms glenoides, condyloides, pterygoids, corone, trochanter, &c.

The obtufe kind terminating in a head, is called cervix, eollum, or neck. V. Blaf. Comm. ad Fejling. c. 2. p. 16. HeijL Comp. Anat. §.49. See Cervix, &c. The general ufe of Apophyses is, i\ For the greater conve- niency of articulation, whether it be with or without motion. 2°. To afford a more commodious origination and infertion to the mufcles ; and 3. To defend other parts. Their par- ticular ufes will he indicated under the proper articles of each bone, &c, Iieifl. Compend. Anat. §. 5c. p. ig.

Apophysis is alfo applied by Hippocrates to certain flefhy excrefcenccs, found in moles, and female foetus's of feven months, as appearing rather prccefTes, and origins of mem- bers, than diftincf. members, fuch as he fays may be found in male foetus's. V. Caji, Lex. Med. p. 66. a.

Apophysis Raviana denotes the larger procefs of the malleus of the ear, into which the mufcles of the bone are infer/ted. Heifi, Comp. Anat. n. 68. p. 25. See Malleus.

APOPLANESIS, ATToTrtawDo-if, in oratory, a kind of fallacious defence, and flurring over, darkening and concealing things, in order to blind the judges, or the audience. Fab. Thef. in voc.

Apoplanesis, in a more particular fenfc, denotes a fort of confutation, wherein the fpeaker promifes to anfwer what the adverfary objects in another place, but which being too diffi- cult to anfwer, is afterwards forgot and left to pafs unanfwered. Heder. Schul. Lex. p. 315.

APOPLECTIC Feins, a name fometimes given to the jugulars. Thefe are fometimes alfo denominated among antient writers foporales.

Some writers reftrain apoplectic to the internal jugular, afcending by the fide of the trachea. Barthol Anat. Libel. 1. c. 6.

APOPLECTICA, Apopletlical medicines, a name ufed by fome for what we more properly call antapopleffics. Bum. Lex. Med, in voc.

Apoplectic al Balfams, is a name given by fome writers to a fort of fweet fcented balms, prepared of diftilled oils, and ufed by way of perfume. V, Boerh. New Meth. Chem. P. 3. p. 10. feq.

APOPLEXY (t>/.)— This diftemper is alfo denominated by Roman writers Sideratio. Lang. Epift. Med. p. 106. The word Ap^©., in Hippocrates, includes both Apoplexies and fyncopies. Friend, Hift, of Phyf. T. 1. p. 93. Serous or lymphatic Apoplexies are thofe chiefly incident to old men, in whom the vital heat is greatly abated. The young and corpulent areexpofed to the fanguineous kind. Some condemn the common method of letting blood from any vein in this diftemper, giving emetics, or fharp clyfters, and applying blifters •, but infill much on the advantage of arteriotomy, and recommend cordials. Calderwood, new Meth. of cur. Apoplex. ap, Med. Eft. Edinb. Abrid. vol. 2. p. 460.

A late author thinks that the carus, cataphora, or fubeta Avicennae, lethargy, coma vigil, or typhomania Galeni, palfy, paraplegia, hemiplegia, hfc. arc nothing but different fpecies of the Apoplexy in a letter degree. Medic. Eft. Edinb. Vol. 1. p. 266.

Apoplexy is alfo reckoned among the difcafes of hawks, being a diftemper which feizes their heads, occafioned by too much greafe and ftore of blood, or their having ftood too long ex- pofed to the heat of the fun, or haviiig been fuft'ered too long flights in the heat of the day. Diet. Ruft. T. 1. in voc. Horfes are alfo laid to be fubject to Apoplexies, occafioned by want of exercife, or too plentiful feeding. The diftemper fhews itfelf by a giddinefs, reeling, trembling, and fometimes falling fuddenly down, without fenie or motion. The cure is by taking a large quantity of blood from the neck, applying volatile fpirits to the noftrils. Farr. D. p. 28.

APOPLIST7E, ArtMsftiraij in antient laws, a fort of officers in in the country, appointed to cjifarm all private perfons, or thofe Suppl. Vol. I.

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Hot entitled to have arms ; for the prevention of mifchief and violence. Du Conge, Gloff. Lat.

APOPOMPAE, Awstoimitki, in antiquity, certain days in which facrifices were offered to the gods called Pompai. Who thefe deities were is doubtful ; certain it is, that n 0f *«r«^ denotes any perfon that conduces another in his way ; and therefore was applied to Mercury, who was believed to be Pluto's gentleman-uflicr, and to conduct the fouls of deceafed perfons tothefhades below. Potter however is rather inclined to think that thefe days belonged to the gods, called Awosrofwraioj, 1, e. AwoTgowot, (for a-wa^ts-h is by Phavorinus expounded ■aWIgowv)) otherwife named AuVtoi, «^f|i**xoi, atts&$<mam, Pf'ltot, and Averrunci, became they were thought to avert evils j fuch were Jupiter, Hercules, and others. Pott. Ar- chaeol. Graec. 1. 2. c. 20. T. 1. p. 370.

APOPOMP/EUS, avov,oiwZ«&. SeeAzAZEL.

APOPOMPES, AiErotn-ofea:^ &*«, in Greek antiquity, an action of divorce, when the hufband had put away his wife. Pott. Archxol. Grac, 1, 1. c, 24.

This ftands contradiftinguifhed from Apolcpjis. See the ar- ticle APOLEPSIS.

APOPSYCHIA is fometimes imderftood of effluvia, emitted from the fun, moon, and other heavenly bodies ; to which their influences on fubl unary things is afcribed. Fojf. de Scient. Mathem. c. 37. §. 2.

APORIA, in rhetoric, denotes a ftate of doubt or wavering, wherein the orator appears undetermined whether to fay a thing or not, e. gr; Eloquaranjileam? Shall I fpeak out, or hold my tongue ? Microti. Lex. Phil. p. 149. This is otherwife called doubting, dubitatio, addubiiatit).

APORON [Cycl.) — This word is fometimes alfo ufed among law writers for an inexplicable fpeech, or difcourfe. Calv. Lex, Jur. p. 77. a.

APORRHOEA, {Cycl) in phyfic, is fometimes particularly ufed for morbid or contagious miafmata, or effluvia from un- wholefome bodies. Brun. Lex. Med. p. rog.

Aporrhoea is alfo ufed to denote a fhedding or falling off of the hair. See the articles Alopecia, Baldness, &c. Cycl. and Suppl.

APOSIOPESIS, A<GroenwOT))(7K, in rhetoric, is commonly ufed to denote the fame with Ellipjis. Jul. Scaliger diftinguifh.es them. The latter, according to him, being only the fup- preffiun of a word ; as, me, me; adfum qui feci \ the former, the omitting to relate fome part of the action ; as

Dixerat, atqite illam media inter talia ferro

Collapfarn adfpiciuni — — ■ ■ ■

Where the poet does not mention how Dido killed herfelf. See Ellipsis. Cycl.

This figure is of ufe to keep up the grandeur and fublimity of a difcourfe. Vid. Fojf. Rhet. 1. 5. p. 345, 346, 352.

APOSITION, Apoftio, in medicine, an averfion for food. Apofition amounts to much the fame with Anorexia ; though fome make a difference ; alledging that the latter imports no more than an inappetency, or want of defire to eat ; the former, an averfion or loathing of it. Linden. Select. Med. Ex. 13. §. 79,

APOSPASMA, in n\edicine, denotes a folution of continuity in fome organical part, as a membrane, ligament, or the like. Brun. Lex. Med. in voc.

Apospasma is alfo applied to metalline recrements, as tutia, melanteria, mify, fory, or the like. Ludov. Did*. Pharmac. 1. p. 538.

APOSPHACELISIS, Avwfutdunr, in the antient phyfic, de- notes a Mortification of a flefhy part, happening in cafes of wounds, and fractures, from too tight a ligature. Cajiel. in voc. and Brun. Lex. Med. p. no.

APOSPHRAGISMA, A^a^^yi^a, in antiquity, the figure or impreffion of a feal. Fab. Thef. p. 204. It was forbid among the antients to have the figure or Image of God on their rings or feals, To this purpofe the precept of Pythagoras, e* WliAiw tmovx Qm fin fngt^cgiu! But in procefs of time, this grew little regarded ; it was ufual enough to have the figures of Egyptian and other deities, as well as of heroes, monfters, friends, anceftors, and even brutes on their dactyli, or ring feals. Thus Ca:far had the image of Venus, Pollio of Alexander, Auguftus of the fphinx, Pompey of a frog, Lentulus of his grandfather, &c.

APOSPONGISMUS, among antient phyficians, the applica- tion of a fponge, whether dry or foaked with water, either to cleanfe the filth from a parr, or to appeafe pains, allay itching, or refrelh the fpirits. Cajlel.icx. in voc. Gorr. Def, Med. p. 46.

APOSTAGMA, in natural hiftory, the rauft or juice which runs from the grapes ere they be trodden or preffed. This is otherwife called Apofialegma ; fometimes, on ac- count of its great fweetnefs, y&vsut ; fometimes protropum. Linden. Ex.10. §. 206.

APOSTASIOU DICE, A«or««« *m, in the Athenian laws, an action brought againft foreigners fojourningat Athens, who neglected to chufe themfelves patrons. Potter, Archseol, 1. 1 . c. 24. p. 129.

Apostasioudice, A«ror«;ris <$tx.it, was alfo an adlion brought by a mafter or patron againft his fervants or clients, for refufing to perform the fervices they were bound to. Pett. Archseoh 1. 1. c. 24.

3 B APOS-