Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/192

 A P O

A P O

APOLYSIS, in a general fenfe, the folution, or refolution of any thing. Thus we read of the Apolyfis of a difeafe, the Apolyfis of a bandage, or the like. Brun. Lex. Med. p. 107. b.

Afolysxs, in a more particular fenfe, denotes the cxclufion of any thing : Thus we read of the Apolyfis of the fcetus, the fecundines, and the like.

APOMELI, in medicine, a kind of decoction prepared of ho- ney, or an honey-comb mixed with vinegar, and boiled a fliort time, till the qualities of both be united, and the acri- mony of the vinegar allayed. Caft. Lex. Med. p. 65. This is fometimes alfo called by the Greek writers ogwyAww, Oxyglycy, or o^vyXvxn;, Oxyglyces.

The Apomeli is reprefented as a kind of medium between mulfe and oxymel. It was antiently cf great ufe among the Greeks, as a detergent, promoter of {'cool, urine, c?V.

APOMYOS Deus, in the heathen mythology, a name under which Jupiter was worfhipped at Elis, and Hercules as well as Jupiter at the Olympic Games. Thefe Deities were fup- plicated under this name, to deftroy or drive away the vaft num- bers of flies which always attended at the gieat Sacrifices : And in thofe which accompanied the Olympic games, the firft was always to the Apomyos, or Myiagrus Deus, that he '■might drive away the flics from the reft. The ufual facrifice was a hull ; and Pliny tells us, that on this the infects would go off in whole myriads, in form of clouds, and not return to moletl the priefls in the reft of their folemnkies, during the whole time. This feems to ftand upon the fame rank with many other of Pliny's miracles.

APONEURGTICUS mufculus, in anatomy, a name given by Spigeltys, and fome others, to a mufclc of the thigh, called ■by Cowper and Winflow the Mufculus lati Tendinis, and Mufculus fafcia lata. Winflow has called it, with more pro- -priety, the Mufculus Vagina femsris.

APONIA, among phyficians, a ftate of indolence, or the ab- fence of pain 3. In which fenfe, the word amounts to the fame with Anodyma. Hence alfo Apona, Awwa., is ufed 1 by fome for medicines which do not excite pain b. — [ il Gorr, Def. Med. b Brim. Lex. Med. in voc.]

APONOGETON, in Botany, a name given by Pontedera to a genus of Plants, called by Micheii and Linnaeus Zannichellla. See Zannichellia.

APOPEMPTIC, Asroinf«r!(*ofc in the antient poetry, a hymn addrefied to a Arranger on his departure from a place to his own country. Seal. Poet. 1. 3. c. 113. The amients had certain holy days, wherein they took leave of the gods with apopemptic fongs, as fuppofing them returning ^ach to his own country. The deities having the patronage of divers places, it was but juft to divide their pretence, and allow fome time to each. Hence it was, that among the Delians and Milefians we find fealts of Apollo, and among the Argians fcafts of Diana, called Epidemia, «nSsfu*i, as fuppofing thefe deities then more peculiarly refident among them. On the laft day of the feafl they difmiilcd them, fol- lowing them to the altars with apopemptic hymns.

APOPHASIS, A9ro<pa<7ic, in the Athenian laws, was fometimes ufed for the fame with Awaypaqy, Suid. Lex. T. 1. p. 300.

Apophasis was alfo ufed for the account given of eftates, at the exchange of them for the avoiding public employments. When any man would excufe himfelf from any troublefome and chargeable truft, by catting it on another richer than himfelf, the perfon produced had power to challenge him to make an exchange of eftates, and thereby compel him to un- dergo the office he had before refufed. Pott. Archxol Graec. 1. 1. c. 23.

Apophasis, Asropasa-t;, in the civil law, an anfwer or refcript of the prince. Cah. Lex. Jur. p. 76. Among logicians the word is alfo ufed for a negation or denial.

Apophasis, in rhetorick, a figure whereby we really fay or advife a thing, under a feigned {hew of pafling over, or dif- fuading it.

Quintilian makes the Apopbafis a fpecies of irony 3. Scaliger ■holds it the fame with what is otherwife called Occupatio b. — [ a Inft. 1. 9. c. 2. b Poet. 1. 3. c. 8.]

APOPHLEGMATISM, Awap^ty^ritr^, in medicine, the operation of purging phlegm or pituita from the head. Apophlcgmatifm is of two kinds, the one a purgation of pituita by the noftrils, Apophlegmatifmus per nares ; the other by the mouth, Apophlegmatifmus per as.

ApoPHLEgmatism by the mouth is a kind of particular Sa- livation, differing from the general kind, in that, in the former not only faliva k brought from the falival glands, but other mucous and fcrous humours from the parts bordering upon the mouth, "Junck, Confp. Therap. tab. 7. p. 237. This is more particularly by fome authors denominated Ma- filcation. See Mastication, Cycl.

Some define it a fhort (pitting, fputatih brevity by way of contradiitinction from a proper falivation, which is a long or continued fpitting. Apophlegmatism by the nojlrils is a peculiar kind of eva- cuation, whereby the mucous humour lodged in the head, and liable to offend the fame, is difcharged either by the fpon- taneous action of the parts, or the ufe of proper 'medicines. "Junck. \. c, tab. 6. p. 213. feq. 5

APOPHLEGMATIZANTS (Cycl.) are of two kinds, rihe adminiftred by the way of the mouth, and intended to operate by fpitting ; the other given by the noilrils, to operate by fneezing, &c.

The former are more particularly denominated Majli'catories , or Salivatories. The latter Errhines, or Sternutatories. Our dictionary-writers feem all to fail in this article; fome retraining Apophlegmatizants to the nofe, as Blaneard and Quincy ; others to the mouth, as Caftcllus and Bruno. The clafs of Apophlegmatizants adminiftcred by the mouth are by fome fubdivided into two forts : The firft, properly deno- minated Maflicatories, confift of thofe which are merely in- fipid, or without all acrimony j but which, by chewing in the mouth, draw faliva fiom the neighbouring glands. Such are paper, a leaden bullet, cryftal, maitic, and the like. See Masticatory, Cycl,

The fecond, properly denominated Apophlegmatizants, are thofe compofed of acrimonious particles, which vellicating the membranous coats of the mouth, occafion a more plentiful discharge of faliva, by which thofe acrimonious particles are diluted and deterged. : Such are tobacco, fage, and the like. Nent. Fundam. Med. T. 1. tab. 4. §. 9. p. 283. Their chief ufe is in ferous or watry diibrders of the head, apoplexies, hydrocephaly's ; fometimes alfo in diforders of the eyes, the tooth-ach, and the like. V. Boerh. de Mat. Medic, p. 127. Nent. 1. c. T. 2. tab. 24. p. 122. The clafs of Apophlegmatizants adminiftred by the nofe may be divided, i~. into fuch as operate without iheczing, by refolvino- the humours lodged in the glands of the noftrils, and gently exciting the glands to an excretion. Thefe are more particu- larly denominated Errhines. Id. ibid. See the article Er- RHina, Cycl. and Suppl

2°. Such as operate by ftrongly ftimulating the membrane of the noftrils, raiting a fneezing, and expelling the humours with violence. Nent. loc. cit. JuncL Confp. Therap. tab. 6. p. 215.

Thefe are more properly denominated Ptarmics and Sternuta- tories. See Ptarmica and Sternutative, Cycl. Such are tobacco, muffs of divers forts, hellebore, &c.

APOPHORETA, in antiquity, prefents made to the guefts at a feaft, or other entertainment, which they carried away with them. Lipf Saturn. 1. 1. c. 16. Du Cange, GIoIT. Lat. T. 1. p. 258.

The word is formed of the Greek Awopofs«) I carry away. Vefpafian gave Apophoreta to the men in the Saturnalia, and to the women on the calends of March. Suet, in Vein. c. 19.

Hence alfo Martial calls the fourteenth book of his Epigrams Apophoreta : — And in imitation of him, Grotius gives the fame title to a book of his Poems. V. Fabric. Bibl. Lat. 1. 2. c. 20.

The name Apophoreta was afterwards appropriated to the veflel wherein the prefents were put. Ifid. orig. ]. 20. c. 4. It was fometimes alfo applied to the cafe wherein relicts were kept.

APOPHRADES, A*o<pp*h< 9 in phyfic, denotes a fort of un- happy days, wherein either no crilis, or an ill one, is to be ex- pected. V. Lang. Epift. Medic. 36. 1. 1. p. 161.

APOPHTHEGM, a fliort, wife, and pithy faying. Cic. de ofHc. 1. 1. c. 29.

Such is that of Cyrus : He is unworthy to be a magiftrate, who is not better than his fubjects. Or this ; He that will not take care of his own bufinefs, will be forced to take care of that of others. Or that of Artaxerxes Mnemon, when re- duced to hunger by the lofs of his baggage ; How much plea- fure have I hitherto lived a ftranger to ? Or that of Cato ; Homines nihil agendo difcunt male agere. Or, finally, that of Auguftus, tnttvh (2pu$iu<;y fe/lina lente.

Plutarch, Erafmus, and others, have publifhed collections of Apophthegms. Harfdorffer has publilhed the art of Apophthegms, Ars Apophthegmatica, 111 High Dutch, under the fictitious name of £>uirinus Pegeus, Alph. Panormita has given four books of the Apophthegms of Alphonfus king of Arragon, which have been illuftrated with commentaries by JEneas Sil- vius. Pafch. de Var. Mod. Mor. Trad. Lipen. Bibl. Phil. T. x. p. 84.

The modern books under the titles of Ana, Table-talk, and the like, are full of the Apophthegms, or memorable fayings, of learned men ; as Scaliger, Thuanus, Menage, Selden, &c.

APOPHYGE, or Apophygis, (Cycl.) in architeaure, is properly a large concave or arched member, ferving either to connect two flat members together, or to join a flat member to another not flat. Wolf. Elem. Archit. §. 109. In this fenfe we may diftinguifh two Apophyges, the upper and lower.

Upper Apophygis is that part, or fweep, whereby a large flat member of the upper part of an order is connected to the lower. Id. in Lex. Math. p. 127..

This is alfo called by the French le Conge a" Enhaut, and by the Italians il Cavo di fopra.

Lower Apophygis, Apophygis inferior, is a concave member which connects two flat parts in the lower part of an order. This the French call le Conge a" Embas, and the Italians il Cavo di Baffo, fometimes alfo il Vivo di Bajfo. Id. ibid

APOPHYSIS