Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/190

 A P O

Thefe were alfo called EiiSaSiei, and «*ij«Hf. .

APOBEE, in botanv, a name given by the natives of Guinea to a fpecies of corn-marygold, called by Petiver chrysanthemum acaulon Guineenfe film longis angufiis, from its having long and narrow leaves, and no ftalk to fupport the flower. 1 he people of the place ufe this in the fmall-pox, and other erup- tive fevers, boiled in water, and the liquor drank warm. Phil. Tranf. N°. 232. _. ,

APOBOMIOI, Amtw S"<"«'> in antiquity, facrlhces ottered on the bare earth, without altars. Potter, Archaol. 1. 2.C. 2.

APOCARITES, or Apocaritje, in ecclefiaftical hiftory, antient heretics who afferted that the human foul is part of, or derived from, the fubftance of God. Prateol. Elench. Ha:rct. 1. J. n. 57. The Apocarita are ranked as a branch of Manichees.

APOCARPASUM, in natural hiftory, a name given by the an- tient Greeks, to a poifonous drug, called alio fometimes limply Carpafum ; it was the exudation of a tree growing in the country of the Abyffines, and was fo like the finett myrrh, that it was often mixed among it, and many lives were loft by adminiftring it as myrrh. "I he wood ot the tree which produced it was alio poilonous, tho' in a lels degree, and was called by the fame writers Apocarpajum, as the wood of the balm of Gilead tree is Apobalfamum.

APOCATASTASIS, AnWIasWn, denotes the entire reftitu- tion, or redintegration of a thing.

Jn this fenfe, we read of the Apocatafiafis of the world, or of all things, AtowWiwk n».U. V. Pfaff. Inft. Hill. Ec- clef. Soft. 18. §. 3. Ejufd. Inft. Theol. P. 2. c. 12. p. 574.

ArocATASTASis, among aftronomers, denotes the period of a planet, or the time wherein it returns to the fame point of the Zodiac from which it fct out. Moral. Lex. Phil. p. 148. Sturm. Math. Juven. T. 3. p. 162.

ArocATASTASis is alfo ufed in medicine to denote the fubfid- ing, or finking of a thing.

In this fenfe, we read of the Apocatafiafis of urine, the Apo- cataftafis of tumours ; and other difeafes. V. Brun. Lex. Med. p. 105.

APOCATHARS1S, in a general fenfe, denotes the fame with Catharfis, or expurgation.

In this fenfe, we read of Apocatharfes of bile, Air e *«8« e «i; jCrtw, a fymptom mentioned by Thucydides in the plague of Athens". Qiiincy * defines Apccatbarfts a purging upwards and downwards^ on what authority I know not. Hence alfo Apoca- thartka, a denomination fometimes given to whatwe otherwife

' call Amply OT/forriVr.— [»V. Bran. Lex. Med. p. 105. b $,iinc. Lex. Med. p. 30.]

APOCHA, ati X ,, in the civil law, denotes an acquittance, or receipt given by the creditor to his debtor for money paid, Brif de Verb. Signif. p. 51. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 76. In which fenfe the word Hands contradiftinguifhed, from an- tapocha, which is given by the debtor to the creditor. — Reuf- ner and Zicglerus have differtations exprefs de apochis. Lipen. Bibl. Jur. p. 2r.

APOCRISIARIUS (Cyc /.)— The Apocrifutri'i, or refponfales, are ufed in ecclefiaftical hiftory for a fort of refidents in the impe- rial city, in the name of foreign churches and bifhops, whofe office was to negotiate as proflors at the emperor's court in all ecclefiaftical caufes, wherein their principals were concerned. The inftitution of Apocrifiarii feems to have been in the time of Conftantine, or not long after, when the emperors be- ing become Chriftians, foreign churches had more occa- fion to promote their fuits at court than formerly ; at leaft we find the office eftablilhed by law in the time of Juftinian. In one of the novels it is ordered, that as no bifhop was to be long abfent from his church without fpecial command from the emperor, if any one had occafion to negotiate any eccle- fiaftical caufe at court, he mould prefer his petition either by the Apocrifiarim of his church, appointed for fuch pur- pofe, or by the CEconomus, or fome of his clergy fent ex- prefs.

The Apocrifiarii feem to have been of the clergy ; thus Ana- tolius a deacon of Alexandria was Apocrifiarim, or refident, for Diocorus his bifhop at Conftantinople, by which means he gained an opportunity of being chofen bifhop of Conftan- tinople on the death of Flavian. And Evagrius obferves the fame of Eutychius, that from being Apocrifiarim to the bifhop of Amafia, he was immediately advanced to be bifhop of the royal city after Mennas a. In imitation of the Apocrifiarii of churches, almoft every monaftery had their Apocrifiarim like- wife, whofe bufinefs was not to refide in the royal city, as the former did, but to acf: as proctors for their monaftery or any member of it, when they had occafion to enter any ap- pearance at law, before the bifhop under whofe jurifdidlion they were. This appears from another of Juftinian's novels, which requires the Afcetics in fuch cafes to anfwer by their Apocrifiarii, or refponfales ; thefe were fometimes alfo of the clergy, as appears from the adls of the 5th general council, where one Theonas ftiles himfelf prefbyter and Apocrifiariut of the monaftry of mount Sinai. The Latin translator calls him Ambafiator, which is not fo proper, tho' it in fome mea- fure cxpreffes the thing ; fince in after times the emperors alfo gave the name Apocriftarii to their own ambaffadors, and it became the common title of every legate whatfoever 6 —

A P O

['Bingh. Orig. Ecclef. 1. 3. c. 13. Sett. 6. " &1V. Thef. Ecclef. & DuCange, Glofl. Gr. in voc. AT«eiin«(i«.

APOCRISIS, Air«< S io-i!, literallydenotes an anfwer. Under the de- nomination mk«{i«h, or Refponfa, were antiently included not only the refcripts of the emperors to the petitions of parties, but all manner of decrees and mandates. DuCange, Gloff. Lat. T. i.p. 254. in voc. Apocrifiarim.

We have feveral books extant under the title of Apocnfes, and fome in oppofition to thefe, under the title of Ant-Apo- crifes. Baill. Tr. des Anti. §• 173-

APOCRYPHAL {Cycl.) is often ufed to denote things falfe, or fpurious., . r . . ,.

We meet with numerous Apocriphal, or fpppoht.tious books, publilhed under the names of patriarchs, prophets, evangel.fts apoftlcs, primitive lathers, faints, martyrs, &c. Apocryphal proprieties, Apocryphal gofpels, Apocryphal epiftlcs, Apocryphal afls, Apocryphal apocalypfes, is'c.

The writing of books under fpurious names and obtruding them for the works of infpired authors, tho' once reputed laud- able, and confecrated under the name of pious traud, was condemned very early by an apoftolical canon, in the inftance of a prieft, who was depofed for forging the aOs ot Paul and Thecla. Bingh. Orig. Ecclef. 1. 17. c. 5. §. 18. Eabricius has publifhed the fragments and remains of the Apo- cryphal books both of the old and new teftament, ;. 1. fuch as bear the names of prophets, apottles, fjfe. who lived under the one teftament or the other, with notes, &c. Fabric. Codex Pfeudepigraphus veteris Teftamenti, Hamb. 1722 and 1723. 8°. 2 Vol. Codex Apocryphus novi Teftamenti, 2 Vol. Hamb. 1719, &c. 8*.

Apocryphal is alfo ufed to denote thofe hooks which are not authorized or received as authentic by the catholic church.

In this fenfe is the word ufed by the council of Rome, under pope Gelafius. Du Conge, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 256.

Apocryphal is more peculiarly applied to denote certain books of the old teftament extant only in Greek, admitted by the church of Rome as canonical, but rejeaed by the reformed churches as no part of holy writ ; fuch are the books of Judith, Wifdom, Tobit, Baruch, Maccabees s the third and fourth books of Efdras.

In this fenfe Apocryphal ftands diftinguifhed from canonical, tho' the Romilh church difowns the diftinaion. See the artl^ cles Canon and Canonical.

Authors are divided as to the origin of the appellation Apocryphal, and the reafon why .it was given to thele books. See the Cyclopedia and Carpzov. Introd. ad Libr. Blbl. P. I. C I. §. 2. It. C 2. $. I.

The Apocryphal books were not received into the canon, either of the Jews, or antient Chriftians, but were firlt made cano- nical by a decree of the council of Trent. The Apocryphal books are alfo called Acanonical, A*«»™ro. ; and by fome writers, ecclefiaftical books, becaufe, tho' not held of divine authority, they were allowed to be read in churches, as containing many things tending to edification, and godly inftruflion ; on which account they continue ftdl in ufe in the church of England, though forbidden in the otherretbrmed churches. Vid. Suic. Thef.T. 1. p. 151. in

VOC. AxaKvir©..

Wolfius gives the literary hiftory of the Apocryphal books, their various editions, tranllations, commentaries, C5V. Bibl. Hebr. 1. 2. Sea. 3. feq. T. 2! p. 192. feq.

Apocryphal Hcrcfy, is the opinion of thofe, who allowed only the Apocryphal, or fuppofititious writings of the prophets and apoftles, rejeaing the genuine books of fciipture, as not ^ canonical. Prateol. Elench. Hjeret. 1. 1. n. 56 Of this number, we are told, were the Manichees, Gnoftics, Nicolaitans, Valentinians, and others.

APOCYMA, in the materia medica of the antients, a name given by the Greek authors to a fort of cement, ufed to daub over the bottoms of their fhips, to preferve them from inju- ries by the water; they called this alfo by the name of Zopifa, and Avifenna and Serapion call it Kctran, Kitran, or Alhtran. It was a mixture of bees- wax and pitch melted together, and after it had been foaked fome time in the fea-water it was fuppofed to have peculiar virtues, and was ufed in many compo- fitions.

APOCYNUM, in botany. SeeDocsBANE.

APODACRYTICA, Awto^'**) in pharmacy, medicines pro- per ro excite tears. Cafi. Lex. Med. p. 64. h. Some alfo ufe the term Apodacrytica, for remedies proper to fupprefs tears. Blanch. Lex. Med. p. 59-

APOUECT^l, AmAjflm, in antiquity, a denomination given to ten general receivers, appointed by the Athenians, to re- ceive the public revenues, taxes, debts, and the like. Pott. Archaeol. 1. 1. c. 14.

The ApodeRec had alfo a power to decide controvcrfies arifing in relation to money and taxes, all but thofe of the molt difficult nature and higheft concern, which were referved to the courts of judicature.

APODECTEI, a«.U««,, in the Athenian government, of- ficers appointed to fee that the meafures of corn were juft. Pott. Archasol. 1. 1. c. 15. The Apodecltei were nearly related to the agarmmi.

c ArV*