Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/187

 A P A

APANTHROPY, in medicine, denotes a love of fotitude, and averfion for the company of mankind. Brun. Lex. Med. in voc.

Jpanthropy is by fome reckoned among the fymptoms, by others among the fpecies or degrees, of melancholy ; and alfo pafies for an ill indication in leucophlegmatic cafes. V. Wedel. Pathol. Dogm. Seel. 3. c. 9. APARACHITUM, among antient phyficians, denotes a na- tive or pure wine, not mixed with fea water. Cafl. Lex. Med. p. 60.

In which fenfe, vinum aparachytum, o«©* <Mr«p*gvJ©^ amounts to the fame with AB^ao-c^ ; and ftands contradiftinguifhed from vinum jaljum*, oiv©- («*« T 'It©' or Ts6aA«o-c-w^En&-. This mixture of wine with fea-water was deemed a great invention among the antients " — [* V. Celf. 1. 1. c. 6. b V. Diofcor. 1. 5. c 27. Cohanel 1. 12. c. 25. Pint. Quseft. not.] APARINE Cktivers, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe : The flower confifts of one leaf and is bell-fafhioned, very wide, open at the mouth, and divided into fevcral fegments; the cup becomes a fruit, which is dry, covered with a very thin fkin, and compofed of two round bodies, which contain an umbilicated feed. The leaves of this plant are rough and hairy, and ftand in rundles round the ftalk.

The fpecies of Cleavers enumerated by Mr. Tourncfort are thefc:

t. The common Cleavers, 2. The fmaller feeded Cleavers. 3. The rough feeded Cleavers. 4. The Portugal Cleavers, with echinated fruit. 5. The fmooth feeded Cleavers. 6. The broad-leaved low mountain Cleavers. 7. The nar- row-leaved low mountain Cleavers. 8. The blue flowered finall procumbent Cleavers, called by authors the little field madder. 9. The hoary feeded purple flowered Cleavers. 10. The little white flowered marfti Cleavers. in The fmalleft Spanifh Cleavers. Tournef. Inft. p. 114. The Cleavers are known from the madders, by their having a dry fruit ; and from crefTwort, by having five or more leaves at a joint; and finally from gallium, or ladies bed- ftraw, by the leaves being rough or hairy. ApaeinEj in the Linnaean fyftem of botany, makes a diftinct genus of plants ; the characters of which are thefe : the calyx is an extremely fmall perianthium, placed on the germen, and divided by four notches at its end, The flower confifts of one Angle petal which forms no tube, but is placed flat, and divided into four fegments ; the ftamina are four pointed fi- laments ftiorter than the flower. The antherse are fimple ; the germen of the piftillum is double, and fituated below the receptacle ; the ftyle is flender, fomewhat bifid at the end, and of the fame length with the ftamina ; the ftigmata arc headed. The fruit is compofed of two roundifh dry bodies, growing together, and armed with hooked hairs which make them rough and rigid and flick to things; the feeds are fingle, roundiih, umbilicated, and large, Linncsi Genera Planta- rum, p ; 24. Aparine, in medicine. — The vulgar have an opinion of this plant as an antifcorbulic, and eat it in fpring with nettle-tops and the reft of that tribe, to fweeten their blood. It ftands recommended by many authors as a remedy for the king's evil ; and others have afcribed a very powerful diuretic vir- tue to it ; but thefe have in general ordered a very bad prepara- tion of it for thefe purpofes, the difUlled fimple water; doubt- lefs a good decoction muft be greatly preferable. We have theaflurance of Dr. Palmer, from his own knowledge, that it is an excellent remedy in a gonorrhoea fimplex. APARITHMESIS, Aw*£i8pntnt, in rhetoric, denotes the an- fwer to the protafts or proportion itfelf. Thus if the prota- fis be appellandi tempus nan erat, the Aparitbmefis is at tecum ami-} plus vixi. Vid. Heeler. Schul. Lex. in voc. APARTISMENUS, An^tfgMrft^ in the antient poetry, an appellation given to a verfe, which comprehended an entire fenfe or fentence in itfelf. Scalig. Poet. 1. 2. c. 29.

This is fometimes alfo written, Apartcmenus, i. e. fufpended, ' as not needing any following verfe. APAULIA, Ava.vUa,, in antiquity, the third day of a marriage folemnity.

It was thus called, becaufe the bride, returning to her father's houfe, did awat^.^fffla. to> ivftfut, lodge apart from the bride- groom. Some will have the Apaidia to have been the fecond day of the marriage, viz. that whereon the chief ceremony was performed ; thus called by way of contradifti notion from the firft day, which was called srjoavXwt. Scalig. Poet. 1. 3. c. 100.

According to thefe authors, the third was properly called tirxv^a.. Others make «V«u*i« to be the fame with (Travjwe whence a feeming difficulty arifes, fince thofe two words im- port contraries, one feeming to denote the bride's lodging apart from the bridegroom, the other with him ; but this may be eafily folved by applying swat^i* to her lodging with her hufband, and «»«i*ia:, to her departure from her father's houfe.

On the day called avav^x, (whenever that was) the bride prefented her bridegroom with a garment called airavhyiv^a: Fetter, Archaxil. Gra?c. 1. 4. c. 11. T. 2. p. 204.

APE

APELLA, among phyficians, a name given to thofe, whofe prepuce is either wanting, or fhrunk, fo that it can no longer cover the glans. Brun. Lex. Med. in voc. Many authors have fuppofed this fenfe of the word Apella warranted from the paflage in Horace, credat Judaus Apella, non ego. Hot. Lib. 1. Sat. 5, v. 100. But, according to Salmafius and others, Apella is the proper name of a certain Jew, and not an adjective fignifying cir- cumcifed. APENE, Arr-mr; in antiquity, a kind of chariot wherein the images of the Gods were carried in proceffion on certain days, attended with a folemn pomp, fongs, hymns, dancings, &c. Vid. Spanbeim, ad Callim. p. 565. Paufan. Eliac. Prior. c 19. p, 396. Lakemach, Antiq. Gneo Sacr. P. 1. c. 7. §. 16. The Apene, or facred chariot of the Greeks, is called by Latin writers Tenfa.

It was very rich, made fometimes of Ivory, or of filver itfelf, and variously decorated. Vid. Fejl. de Verb. Signif. in voc. tenfa APENNiS, in antient laws, a deed or inftrument made in fa- vour of a perfon, who has loft the title-deeds to his houfe or land by fire. Du Cange^ GlofT. Lat. T. 1. p. 250. feq. In fuch cafe, an afTembly of the people of the neighbourhood being called, and an exact enquiry made before the judge, another inftrument was framed to confirm and fecure the un- happy perfon's right. Id. Ibid.

APER, Boar, in zoology. See Hog and Sus.

Aper is alfo u fed for the name of a fea fifh, called by fome Strivalc and Riondo. It approaches very much in fhape to the faber or doree, but is much fmaller. It is covered with fimbriated fcalesj and feels rough to the touch; its nofe is fliarp and turns a little upwards ; its eyes are large ; it has no teeth, and has two back-fins, the firft dorter the lafl: very long ; the tail is not forked, and is tinged with red at the end ; the gill fins are confiderably long, and fome of the nerves or rays of the long belly fin behind the anus, as well as fome of thofe of the anterior back fin, are prickly. It is very feldom found of more than three inches in length, and generally lives at the bottom of the fea. It is caught in the Mediterranean after ftcrms, but either is not found about our coafls, or its fmallnefs makes it difregarded. Rondelet, de Pifc. 1. 5. c. 26. Gejner, de Aquat. p. 70. See Tab. of Fifties, N°. 19.

Aper mofebiferus, a name by which many authors have called the tajacu of America. See Tajacu.

Aper Pifcis, a name by which fome authors have called the fea-fifh more ufually called the Caprifcus. fViihigbay, Hift, Pifc. p. 154. Sec the article Capriscus.

APEREA, in zoology, the name of a fmall American animal s of the rabbit kind, and feeming to be of a mixt nature be- tween the rabbit and the moufe, having exactly the ftiort roundifh ears of the moufe-kind, and all the other particu- lars of the rabbit. It grows, at its full fize, to ten or twelve inches long, and its hair is juft of the colour of our hares on the back and fides, and whitiftt on the belly ; its upper lip alfo is fplit as in the hare, and its teeth, legs, &c. are wholly the fame in ft ructure as in the hare, but its fore feet are divided into four toes, its hinder ones only into three ; the claws are ftiort, and the middle toe of the hinder feet longer than the others. It has no tail, its head is a little longer than the hare's, and its flefh in tafte wholly like the rabbit's ; its manner of living and feeding is alfo wholly the fame. Ray, Syn. Quad. p. 206.

APERIENS Os, in anatomy, a name given by fome writers, to a mufcle of the mouth called by Albinus biventer maxilla: inferisris, and by others digajlricus.

APERISTATON, in the antient phyfic, denotes an ulcer of a mild, or benign kind, and not attended with any fevere fymptom. Gorr. Def. Med. p. 42. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 61. feq.

APERTOR Ocull, in anatomy, a name given by Spigelius and others to the mufcle called the Aper'iens palpebram, and leva- tor palpebral fuperioris by others.

APETALOUS, or Apztalose Plants, (Cycl.) are fuch as have an imperfect or ftamineous flower. They are fo called becaufe not compofed of thofe tender, fugacious, coloured leaves called Petala ; but only of a calyx or cup, and of ftamina or capillaments of ftyles. Vid. Ray, Hift. Plant. 1. 4. Phil Tranf. N°. 186. p. 284.

The Apetalous kind is fubdivided by Ray, 1. Into fuch whofe fruits are not contiguous to their flowers, as in hops, hemp, nettles, fpinach, mercury, palma chrifti, the American phy- fic~nut, &c. 1. Such as have a triquetrous or triangular feed, as the docks, forrels, arfmarts, knot-grafs, fnake-weeds, 3. Thofe which have round comprefled and otherwife fi- gured feeds, as the pond-weeds, orraches, fea-purflane, the Elites, the amaranthi, the beets, fome kali's, tffc. Ray 7 ibid. See Tab. 1. of Botany, Clafs 1.

APEUCTIC, Aw-Ei/xltxw, in the antient poetry, denotes a kind of poem or prayer preferred to God for the averting fome evil. Scalig. Poet. 1. 3. c. 1024

In which fenfe, Apeuclicum ftands contradiftinguifhed from profeuclicum carmen, which begs for fome good, e.gv.diipro- hibete minus, dii talem avertite cafum, et placidi fervate pios.

APEX {Cycl.) is peculiarly ufed in antiquity for a kind of cap or covering of the head, wore by the Flamens, or priefts of

Jupiter,