Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/185

 ANT

profecutor's oath, whereby he fwears that his accufation is juftly founded.

Others will have Antomofia properly to denote a law-fuit about things to which there are no witneiies, and which can only be decided by the oaths of the parties. — Others again will have it to be, where the accufed party aUedglng ficknefs for his non-appearance, the profecutor takes an oath, that the ficknefs is only feigned, upon which the judges proceed to fentence. ANTONIANA Aqua, in the materia medica, the name of a medicinal water of Germany, remarkably pleafant to the tafte and of fervice in many cafes as a medicine. This water if mixed with any acid liquor raifes a confide- rable cffervcfcence, and when mixed with rhenifti wine and fugar, which is a common way of drinking it, it makes a great hifling and bubbling, and becomes turbid and milky. If powder of galls be added to it; it fuffers no change but re- mains limpid and colourlefs ; whence it is plain that it con- tains no iron, nor vitriol. Syrup of vitriol mixed with it turns the whole green, whence it is plain that it contains an alkali ; and if oil of tartar be added to it, it becomes turbid and milky, and precipitates a white fediment, whence it ap- pears that there is either common fait or a calcaneus earth in it. . ,Tf it be expofed fonictime to the air in an open veffel, it, like all the other mineral waters, lofes its pungent tafte and pellucidity, becoming turbid and vapid. A quart of it evaporated with a very gentle heat leaves two fcruples of a dry fediment, which being feparated by another folution is found to be one half an alkaline fait, and the other a calcarious earth. Oil of vitriol mixed with the fait produces a great effervefencc, and a penetrating fcent arifes like that produced by the mix- ing oil of vitriol and common fait. Hence it appears that thefe waters contain a fmall portion of an alkaline fait, a larger portion of fea fait, ana a yet larger of a calcarious earth, and with thefe a very conftderable quantity of a fubtile and pene- trating mineral fpirit.

It is a very temperate water, not too ftrongly operating either by ftool or urine ; and hence it is a very proper drink for perfons in chronic and in many acute cafes, cither alone or mixed with wine to fupply the place of malt liquor, which is proper but in very few illneffes. A long ufe of it alone may alfo prove of conftderable fervice in hypochondriac cafes. Hoffman, Oper. T, 5. p. 145. Antoniana Margarita, in literary hiftory, the name of a celebrated book written by Gomez Pereira aSpanifh phyfician of the fixtecnth century ; and thus entitled, to do honour to his father and his mother, who bore thofe names. V. Baill. Diet. Crtt. T. 3. p. 650. in voc. Pereira, Not. (c). The Antoniana Margarita is the fource from which Des Cartes borrowed his fyftem of the lbuls of brutes being mere ma- chines, The author fpent thirty years in the compofition of it. It is now in the number of thofe rare books only to be met with in the libraries of the curious. ANTOSIANDRIANS, a feet of rigid Lutherans who oppofe the doctrine of Oftander relating to juftification. Thefe are otherwife denominated Ofiandro Mafliget. The Antofiandrians deny that man is made juft, with that juftice wherewith God himfelf is juft ; that is, they aficrt that he is not made eflentially but only imputatively juft ; or, that he is not really made juft, but only pronounced fo. Pra- teol. Elench. Haeret. 1. 1. n. 53. ANTRUM Pylori (Cycl.) was thus denominated by Willis, who affigned it the office of keeping the firft digeftcd chyle, till that which was later taken into the ftomach be digefted ; tho* if what Dr. Wharton fuggefts, that there are ladteals at the bottom of the ftomach, be true, fuch a provifion feems unneceffary. Drake, Anthropol. 1. 1. c. 10. p. 42. feq. Antrum Gents, a large cavity in the fourth bone of the up- per jaw, communicating with the foramina narium. It was thus called by Cafferius, but by Dr. Highmore Antruth maxilla fuperoris.

The Antrum Gena is near two inches long, and above an inch in depth, feated between the lower margin of the orbit of the eye, and the dentcs molares of the fame fide. Back- wards the thin bony parts of this cavity, with the os fphenoi- des, make the foramen lacerum externum ; its lower furface makes a thin covering to all the roots of the dentes molares, as well as dens caninus of the iame fide. It is very thin, and on drawing any teeth to which it flicks, is frequently taken along with it whereby this cavity is opened into the Alveolus, and confequcntly into the mouth, to the great terror and furprize of the patient. Drake, Anthropol. 1. 3. c. 10. p. 311. See Alveoli.

The Antrum Gents appears to be the chief feat of the Ozena. Dr. Drake mentions an operation which he put in practice for the cure of that difeafe ; taking out the foremoft dens molaris, and not finding any aperture from its alveolus, as is frequently obierved, he bored a hole through the alveolus into the Antrum gena, whereby the pus which before lay in the Antrum run out, and the medicines daily injected by this aperture paffed into the noftrils whereby the patient was cured. Antrum Bucdnofum is ufed by fome anatomifts for the coch- lea of the ear. Bartbol. Anat. 1, 4. c. 6. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 59. See Cochlea. Supra. Vol. I.

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ANTYLION, in the antient pharmacy, a kind of affringeht malagma, defcribed by j^gineta. JEgin. 1. 7. Gorr. Med* Dct\ in voc.

ANTYX, in antiquity, the outermoft round, or circumference of a fhield. Potter, Archseol. 1. 3. c. 4.

ANVIL (Cycl. )— Forged Anvils are better than thofe of caftwork, Lockfmitbs have alio a fmaller kind of Anvil called xhcjlake, which is moveable and placed ordinarily on their work bench. Its ufe is for fetting fmall cold work'ftraight, or to cut or punch on with the cold chiffel, or cold punch. Moxon, Mech. Exerc. p. 3.

ANUS {Cycl.) is otherwife called Anutus, and bythe Greeks J**1(0»as. Caji. Lex. Med.

The office of the Anus for extruding the faeces has been dif- charged by the penis in males, and the vulva in females ** Sometimes alfo its defect has been fupplied by a little hole no broader than a pea, at which the thinner part of the excre- ments has oozed out b. In other cafes a wound in the ab- domen has fupplied this office of the Anus". — [ a Ephem, Acad. N. C.Dec. 2. An. 4. Obf. 112. and Dec. 3. An. 2, Obf. 123. h Ephem. Acad. N. C. Dec. 3. An, 1, Obf. 123. c Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 46. p. 204.]

In fome creatures the Anus is found to have other ufes, the pond muiclc not only breaths but feeds by the way of the Anus \ \. e. in other words, the fame aperture ferves in- differently for mouth and Anus, In fowl the Anus has ap- parently fome concern in the action of refpiration ; there are found many veficles extended from the bronchia thro' the abdomen to the Anus of fowls j which may be the caufe of of its conftant motion, the air having both ingrefs and egrefs there. Whence it is that they are alfo found to have an at- tractive power, and as fuch are ufed by fome, to draw out the poifon and malignity in certain difeafes. It may be added, that a kind of alternate fyftole and diaftole is perceived, at leaft on many occafions, in the Anus of divers quadrupeds, as cows, mares, WV. But what concern this has with the action of refpiration, remains to be difcovered. Hift. Acad* Scienc. 1710. p. 39.

That the Anus's of fowls, appllied in malignant diftem- pers to draw the infection out of the body, act: like cupping glaffes; infomuch that the fowl has often ftuck by its Anus to the part till it died. Mr. Templer af- firms he has feen feven chickens thus applied to the groin of one perfon feized with the plague, which all ft uck tul they died. The eighth went quickly off and lived. Phil. Tranf. N°. 86. p. 5031. See alfo Ephem. Acad. N. C. Dec. 2. An. 9. Obf. 138.

The Anus of birds and quadrupeds is generally conftant and regular, as to the place it occupies in the body ; in fifh it con* fiderably differs in the various kinds, and makes one of theif marks of difti notion. In the generality of fifhes it is placed nearer the tail than the other end of the body ; but in fome as in the gadi, pleuronecti, conger, c5V. it is placed nearer the head. In almoft all fifh it is fingle and placed in the lower part of the belly, but in fome of the pleuronecti, it is either double and placed one on each fide of the body, or fingle and then placed only on one fide. The middle of the body therefore is the general place of the Anus in fifhes as the extremity of the trunk is in moft other animals. Ar- iedi, Ichthyolog.

Some animals there are whofe Anus is regularly placed in other parts j in the mail, Malpighi allures us, it is in the neck, and that the freces are difcharged that way ; in the pond mufclewe have already obferved it is in the mouth. Phil. Tranf, N°. 64. p. 1535. See alfo Mem. Acad. Scienc. 1710. p.412. Some authors fpeak of attempts made not without fuccefs, for conveying nourifhment to the human body by nutritive clyfters conveyed up the Anus, where the common canal by the gula has been rendered impracticable. Mem. Acad. Scien. 1716. p. 237.

It may be added, that we have inftances of births or deli- veries by the Anus j dead foetus's long detained in utero, find- ing no other out-let have been frequently voided piece-meal at the Anus d. Dr. Wallis's and Halley's cafe is much more extraordinary, who fpeak of a male greyhound delivered of an entire whelp the fame way. For Calculi or Stones, in- ftances of their being voided by the Anus are frequent c .— [ d V. Becker. MantifT. ad Tract, de Submerf. morte finepotu aquae, p. 93. Mem. Acad. Scienc. 1702. p. 313. Phil. Tranf. N°. 385. p. 171. e Phil. Tranf. N°. 380. p. 433. Act. Erud, Lipf. 1688. p. 204. Ephem, Acad. N. C. Cent, 4. Obf. 136-] ,

The account the royal fociety had from Dr. Wallis, of a grey- hound dog that voided an animal refembling a whelp per Anum, as ftrange and incredible as it may feem, yet Was ftedfaftly believed at Chefter ; and the creature was kept for fome time in fpirit of wine, having lived for fome ftiort time after it came into the world, and being feen by Mr. Ro- berts of the fociety. This is certain that it coft the dog his life, to gratify the curiofity of fome gentlemen, who dif- fered him, but were difappointed of their expectations. For my own part, fays Dr. Halley, as I am determined nihil te- nure credere, fo I dare not pretend to limit the power of nature. V, Phil. Tranf. N°, 222. p. 316,

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