Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/184

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Ath. Oxon. T. 2. p. 47. h Antiquitates Graecs Gentiles Regiom. 1688 ami 1708, 4. V. Lakemach. Antiq. Gixc. Sacr. inPrzef. c Defcriptio Antiquitatum Grsecarum, Frank. 1714. 12 . ll Archasologia Grreca, or the Antiquities of Greece, Lond. 1713. 2 Vol. 8°. tranflated into Latin and in- ferted in Gronovius'sThefaurus ; but the tranflation is faulty. e Antiquitates Gnecorum facrce. Helmji, 1734. 8°.] The bell fyftem of Roman Antiquities yet extant is that of Rofinus, with Dempftcr's notes f ; Struvius indeed had in view a more accurate and perfect work of this kind %. But he never publiflied more than the firft part, viz. what relates to the religion of Rome h. — [ f Antiquitates Romanse cum Th. Dempfteri Paralipomenis, Lugd, Bat. 1663. 4". It. Traj. ad Rhen. 17 10. 4°. V. Morhof. Polyhift. T. 1. 1. 5. c 2. §.4. s V. Obfcrv. Halenf, T. 3. Obf. 1. §. 1. ll Syntagma Anti- quitatumRomanarum, Jen. 1701. 4 . V. MorboJ. Polyhift. T. 1. 1. 5. c. 2. Hilt. Crit. Rep. Lett. T. 5. p. 370.] We have compendiums and introductions to the Roman An- tiquities by Huepfncr, Nieuport, Godwin, Cantelius, Bafil Kennet, fcirV.

Hemeccius has given a collection of Roman Antiquities, for illuftration of the civil law ; and Briflbnius another, drawn from the books of the civil law. Gravina's origines juris ci- vilis is excellent on this fubjeA.

A body of the writers on the Roman Antiquities has been publiflied by Graevius, and another of thofe on the Greek Anti- quities by Gronovius, both under the titles of Thefauri. A fupplement to the former has been publiflied by Sallengre. Danet and Pitifcus have alfo publiflied lexicons of the Ro- man Antiquities. Varro's books of Roman Antiquities are entirely loft, excepting fome fragments, preferved by St. Au- guftin. Rcrum Humauarum Antiquitates libri 25 &c Divina^ rum 16. V. Augujl. de Civit. Dei. 1. 6. c. 3. Fabric. Bibl. T^at. I. 1. c. 7.

Pezron has a treatife cxprefs on the Antiquity of times. L' Antiquile des terns rctablie & defendue contre les Juifs & les nouveaux Chronologizes, Par. 1687. 4 . V. Aft. Erud. Lipf. 1687. p. 465. Ejufd. Dcfenfe de 1'Antiquitedes terns, ou Ton foutient la Tradition des Peres h. des Eglifes contre celle du Talmud, Par. 1691. 4 . V. Bibl. Univ. T. 24. p. 103. feq.

ANTI-RATIONALISTS, a name fometimes given to divines, who in matters of religion arc for humbling reaion, and making it bend to faith ; aflerting that the abfurdity of a thing is no rea- fon for rejecting it. Mem. de Trev. An. 1707. p. 1745. In this fenfe, the rigid Calvinifts and adherers to the fynod of Dort are denominated Anti-ratiotmlijls, on account of the doctrine of abfolute pred eft i nation, &c. The Roman Catho- lics are alfo entitled to the fame appellation, on account of the doctrine of tranfubftantiation. — M- Bayle took flicker in the fyftem of the Anti-rationalijls, the better to combat the Chri- stian doctrines of the origin of evil, providence, C3V.

ANTIRRHETICUM, a»1. k ,?] ( km, in literary hiltory, denotes a refutation of fome book, author, or opinion. In this fenfe, we alfo meet with Antirrhefis, Afli^wn.

ANTIRRHINUM, in botany. See Snav-Dracon.

ANTI-SABBATARIANS, a modern religious feci, who op- pofe the obfervance of the Chriftian- Sabbath. V. Pagit.

\ Hserefiogr. p. 134.

The great principle of the Anti-fabbatarians is, that the Jewifh fabbath was only of ceremonial not moral obligation ; and confequently is aboliflied by the coming of Chrift.

ANTISAGOGE, 'Afocwymyvi, in rhetoric, a figure differing little from that called concejftou. The following paftage from Cicero is an initance of it ; Dijficilis ratio belli gerendi; at plena fidei, plena pieiatis ; ct ji d'uas, magnus labor, multa pericula proponuntur ; at gloria ex his immortalis eft confecu- tura. Vojf. Rhet. 1. 4. p. 390. See Concession, Cycl.

ANTI-SCLPTIC, fomething uppofed to the reafonings and fyftem of Pyrrhonilts, or Sceptics.

We have ftill extant, under the name of Sextus, (commonly, tho' without reafon, fuppofed to be Sextus Empiricus) cer- tain Anti-fceptic difputations, wherein the difference between good and evil, truth and falfehood, cSV. is defended. V. Fab?-ic. Bibl. Greec. 1. 6. c. 7. p. 617.

ANTI-STANCARIANS, a (eft of German protcftants, who oppofe the doctrine of Stancarius, who aflcrted that juftifi- cationwas the fole effect of Chrift's human nature, exclufive of his divinity.

The Anti-jJanccrians therefore maintained that our juftifi- cation by Chrilt is the fruit of the divine as well as human nature of Chrift, and that the divinity fuffcred with his hu- manity on the crofs. Prateo!. Elcnch. Hzeret. 1. 1. n. 50.

ANTISTASIS, AkV«0-k, in oratory, a defence of an iiction from the confederation that had it been omitted worfe would have enfued. Quint. 1. 7. c. 4.

This is called by Latin writers comparativum argument 'um, fuch, e, gr. would be the general's defence, who had made an inglori- ous capitulation, that without it, the whole army muft have perifhed.

ANT ISTATIS, in antiquity, denotes the gibbous part of the

liver in the Grecian victims. Potter, Archa?ol. 1. 2. c. 14. ANTISTES, in ccclefiaftical writers, a title ufually given to bifliops, tho* fometimes alfo to priefts or prefbyters. V. B'nigh. Grig. Ecclef. 1, 2. c. 19, §. 13.

Some will have the appellation to have been peculiar to bifhops.,

exclufive of prefbyters.

But Bingham produces inftances of the contrary. Sidonius

Apollinaris reconciles the matter, when he diftinguifhes

between an Antijles of the firft and the fecond order. L. 4

Ep. 11.

Among the antient Romans, Antijles was an appellation

given to the chief or firft order of priefts in the provinces.

Struv. Antiq. Rom. c. 12.

In which fenfe, Antijles ftands diftinguiflied from patres and

magijiri. — In the more ufual fenfe notwithstanding, Antijles

denotes the fame with facerdos.

There were alfo females of this quality under the title of

Antijles. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. I. p. 117. feq.

ANTISTICHON. See Antistoechon.

ANTISTCECHON, Afiiroix«, a grammatical figure whereby one letter is u fed inftead of another. Fabri Thef. p. 191. Hcder. Schul. Lex. p. 287. This is otherwife called Antbijlichon, by fome writers.

ANTISTROPHE (Cycl.)— It was cuftomary among the Greeks on fome occafions, to dance round the altars, whilft they fung the facred hymns, which confifted of three ftanzas, or parts ; the firft of which, called Jlropbe, was fung in turning from eaft to weft ; the other, named Ani'ijlrophe^ in returning from weft to eaft. Then they flood before the altar, and fung the epode, which was the laft part of the fong. Potter, Archasol. 1. 2. c. 4.

Antistrophe, in rhetoric, the fame with what is more commonly called epijlrophe. See Epistrophe.

ANTISYLLOGISM, a^V^o^^, in logic, a fyllogifm, which infers a contrary conclufion to that of another fyllogifm. Vojf. Rhet. 1. 3. p. 380. See Syllogism, Cycl.

ANTTTHENAR, (Cycl.) in anatomy, a mufcle called alfo the Semi-interoffeus Pollicis. It is fmall, flat and flcftvy, and is fi- tuated obliquely between the firft phalanx of the thumb, and firft bone of the metacarpus ; 'tis fixed by one end toward the bafis of the firft metacarpal bone near the firft bone of the fecond row of the carpus, from thence it runs obliquely toward the head of the firft phalanx of the thumb, and is infertcd in the lateral external part of that bone, or on that fide which is turned to the firft metacarpal bone. It crofies over the femi-interofleus indicis; this mufcle lying toward the back of the hand, the Antithenar here defcribed toward the palm.

Antithenar Pedis, a fmall compound mufcle lying obliquely under the metatarfal bones, fixed pofteriorly in the lower parts of the fecond, third and fourth of thofe bones near their bafes, in the ligaments of thefe bones and of thofe of the tarfus, and in a lateral aponeurofls of the hypothenar, all thefe por- tions contracting into a fmall compafs are inferted in the out- fide of the external fefamoide bone of the firft phalanx of the great toe. PVinJlow's, Anatomy, p. 222.

ANTITHESIS (Cycl.) is fometimes ufed for controverfy. In this fenfe, we meet with antithetic method, antithetic dif- courfes, £sV. Vid. Lang. Lift. Stud. Theol. Sect. 1. c. 2. Memb. 3. §. 1.

Marcion compofed a volume of Antitbefes, or contrarieties and oppofitions between the law and the gofpel. Fabric. Bibl. Grzec. 1. 5. c. 1. p. 201.

ANTITHETON, AfuM™, in rhetoric, a figure wherein con- traries are fet in oppofition to each other. We have an example of it in Cicero's fourth oration againft Verres, eonferie bance pacem cum Mo bello ; bujus pratoris ad- ventum cum illius imperatoris vicloria ; bujus cohortejn inipu- ram cum illius exercitu inviilo ; bujus libidines cum illius con- tinentia, &c. Vojf. Rhet. 3. 5. p. 402. feq. Some diftinguifli between the antithefis and Antitbeton. Vof- fius thinks that in the Antitbeton nouns and verbs are oppofed ; but in the antithefis their epithets only. Others comprehend the antithefis under Antitbeton. Vojf. ibid.

ANTI7 % RAGICUS, in anatomy, a name given by Albunus to one of the mufcles of the eye, called by Santorini and others mufculas Antitragi.

ANTITRAGUS (Cycl.) is the thicker part of the anthe- Hx a, or that ridge juft above the tragus b. — [ a Gorr. Def. Med. p, 40. Cajl. Lex. Med, p. 59. b Drake, Anthropol. 1. 3. c. 12.] See Tragus, Cycl.

A twig of the hard portion of the auditory nerve, running on the back of the Antitragus, is fometimes fuccefsfully cauterized in the tooth-ach. Phil. Tranf. N°. 299. p- 1981.

ANTL1A, Aifoi«, or Avidia, an antient machine, fuppofed to be the fame with our pump. Fabri Thef. p. 192. Hence the phrafe, in Antliam condemnari, according to the critics, denotes a kind of punifhment, whereby criminals were condemned to drain ponds, ditches, or the like. V. Sueton. in Tiber, c. 5 1. Cafaub. ad Eund. Artemidor. Oneirocrit. 1. 1. c. 50. Lipf. Elect. 1. 2. c. 15.

ANTOMOSIA, A^ouia, in antient writers, an oath taken by both the parties in a criminal accufation ; whereby the accu- fer charges the other with the fact, and the accufed in his turn denies the fame. Suicl. Lex. T. 1. p. 232. In which fenfe Antomofia amounts to the fame with cUomofia, tho' fome diftinguifli between the two, reftraining Antomofia to the oath of the perfon accufed, whereby he engages to make no other than a fair defence ; and diomofia to the 5 P r o-