Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/181

 ANT

invented to account for that contrariety of fymptoms which frequently concur in hypochondriac cafes, when, e. gr. the li- ver is charged with being immoderately hot, and the fto- mach exceflively cold. Cay?. Lex, Med. p. 58. The moderns, particularly Etmuller, refute the notion of an Antipraxia, on this principle, that the blood circulating duly tho' the whole body warms all the parts as well the ftomach as liver proportion ably- To which foine advocates for the an- tient fyftem object, that this is confounding the preternatural ftate with the natural.

ANTIPROBABIUSM, the doctrine or fyftem of thofe who hold it unlawful to follow the lefs probable opinion, in oppo- fition to the more probable one.

There have been vigorous advocates for Antiprobabilijm ; for even among its greatcft enemies, the Jefuits, F. Gilbert has a treatife exprefs in favour of Antiprobabilijm, viz. Anti- probabiHJmus, feu traflatus theologian fulclem totius probabi- lifmiftateram contlnens, &c. Par. 1 703. 4. . Jour, des Scav. T. 31. p. 938. Aa.Erud. Lipf. 1706. p. 373.

ANT1PROBOLE, A^eo^, in rhetoric, a figure whereby the defendant adopts or admits the charge brought againft. him by the profecutor. Heder. Schul. Lex. p. 285. E.gr. Suppofmg the profecutor's weo&x« to be, Titus has killed Cajus ; the defendant's Antiprobok may be, I have killed him, but undefignedly.

ANTIPROPEMPTICON, Afl. n «n^i,»o>, in poetry, a poem wherein a perfon going a journey addreffes himfelf to his friends. Such is that of Ovid, 1. 1. Trift.

Cum fitbit i/iius trifiijftma nsSfis imago,

&c.

It is oppofed to propempti 'con. See Propempticon.

ANTIPROT ASIS, 'a^W^Wk, in rhetoric, a folution of the protafts. See Protasis.

ANTIPSORA, in pharmacy, remedies proper againft the itch. Zwing. Specim. Mat. Med. c. 44. n. 5.

ANT IPYRETON, among phyficians, an appellation given to the medicines againft fevers, Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 58.

ANTIQUAR.E, among Roman lawyers, properly denotes the rejecting of a new law, or refufing to pafs it. Brijf de Verb. Signif. p. 49. Cal-iL Lex. Jur. p. 74.

In which fenfe, antiquating, differs from abrogating; as the latter imports the annulling an old law, the former the rejecting a new one.

It was a cuftom among the Romans, when they voted for cafting out a new law propofed, to give their votes by a ballot, on which was tnfciibed the letter A, to denote Antique

Antiquare is alfo ufed for a law's growing obfolete, or into difufe, either by age or non-obfervance. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 74.

AN7IQUARIUM, among the antients, denoted a place or apartment, wherein their antique monuments were prcferved. Pittfc, Lex. Antiq. in voc. 1 his is otherwise denominated App&tw,

ANTIQUARTIUM is ufed by fome modern practitioners, for a fpecifie againft the quartan ague. CaJlcL Lex. Med. in voc.

Hence fome call the Jefuits bark Atitiquarthtm Peruvianum. Wedelius alfo fpeaks of an ejfentia antiquartia. The antiquarian of Riverius is a preparation of mercurius dulcis, aurum fulminans, fulphur of antimony, and fcam- mony. Vid. Ettmitl, Collcg. Chem. c. 5. n. 3.

ANTIQUARY, Antiquarim {Cyd.) — .There was an ant lent col- lege of Antiquaries erected in Ireland by Ollamh Todhla, 700 years before Chrifr, for compofmg a hiftory of the country. And to this, fay the Irilh hiftorians, it is owing, that the hiftory and antiquities of that kingdom may be traced hack beyond thofe of mod other nations. Kenned. Chron. Diflert. ap. Mem. de Trev. 1705. p. 1873. feq- Nicbolf. Irilh Hift. Libr. App. N 3 . 1. p. I79 . feq.

Foundations of this kind have often been wifhed for, and fometimes alfo attempted in England.

Sir. H. Spclman fpeaks of a fociety of Antiquaries in his time, to whom his treatife of the terms, written in the year 1614, was communicated, he himfelf being one of the number. The fociety was formed by Cambden, Sir Robert Cotton, Stow, and others; in 1589 R- Carew was admitted into it. Application was made to Queen Elizabeth for a charter and houfe wherein they might hold their meetings, erect a library, and the like. But by the death of that princefs, their appli- cation proved abortive. And for her fucceflbr king James the firft, he was far from favouring their defign. V. A 7 ?'- cholf. Engl. Hift. Libr. P. 3. c. 3. p. 199. feq. Smith, Vit. Cotton. Mem. Liter, de laGr. Bret. T. 13. p. 243. feqq. In the year 17 17, this fociety was revived again, iince which time no interruptions having happened, it is at prefent in a very nourifhing condition ; and, by a late constitution, which limits the number of its members, the fociety confifts of one hundred learned and ingenious men, of the nobility, gentry, clergy, &c. whofe bufinefs, as members, is to difcover the antiquities of their own, as well as thofe of other nations. For further particulars, fee Maitland's hiftory of London, 1. 6. c. 4. p. 647.

Suppl. Vol. I.

ANT

The prefent fociety of Antiquaries have no charter.

Antiquary, in middle age writers, is ufed for a copift, or perfon employed in tranferibing antient books. Antiquarim differs from librarius, in that the latter copied new as well as old books, whereas the former was wholly cm- ployed in antient ones. Du Cange, doff. Lat. in voc. In fome monasteries there was a houfe or appartment on pur- pofe for the Ahtiquarii, called domus aniiquariorum, fometimes alio fcriptorum. Du Cange, ibid.

Antiquaries were alfo thofe employed in repairing books injured with age.

hKTiQy aky, Antiquarius,h2\(o ufed, byantient writers, for the keeper of the Antiquarium, or cabinet of antiquities. This officer is otherwifc called arthatota, or antiquary of a king, a prince, a ftate, or the like.

King Henry VIII gave John Leland the title of his Antiquary, a title which fays the author of his life, no body ever en- joyed befides himfelf. But the reftridtion, we fuppofe was only intended, to be underftood in refpecT: of the kings of England ; M. Schott we find had the title of Antiquary to the king of Pruffia, P. Pedruzzi, that of Antiquary of the duke of Parma % M. Galland refided fome time in Turky, under the title of Antiquary of the king of France b. — [ a Mem. de Trev. 1721. p. 43. b Hift. Acad. Infer. T. 2. P-745-]

The Univerfity of Oxford have ftill their Antiquary, under the denomination of cujlos archhorum. Wood, Ath. Oxon. T. 2. p. 563.

The kings of Sweden have been at great expences iii order to illuftrate the antiquity of their country, having eftabliihed an academy of Antiquaries with this fingle view. Mem. de Trev. 1709. p. 161. feq.

The office of the antient Irifh Antiquaries Was to pre- ferve the genealogies of the kings of Ireland, to correft the regal tables of fucceflion, and deliver down the pedigree of every collateral branch of the royal family. Nicholf. Irifh Hift. Libr. App. No. 1. p. 180.

P. Labbe and Petavius have publifhed pieces exprefs concern- ing the apparatus of Antiquaries. Vid. Lipen. Bibl. Phil, p. 76. feq.

ANTIQUE {Cyd.)— The fcience of Antiques h alfo called by Spon archesographia. Praefat. Mifcel. Erud. Antiq. Fabric. Bibl. Antiq. c. 5. n. 2. See Arch^ographia. Under this is included the knowledge of antient coins, me- dals, inferiptions, buildings, ftatucs, fculptures, MSS, veffels, weights, meafures, fcfe.

ANTIQUING, in book-binding, a method of ornamenting the edgesof books with divers foliages and ramifications, by means of hot iron tools cut for the purpofe. Savar. Diet. Com. This kind of decoration was formerly much in ufe, efpecially in France ; but of late has fallen into neglect.

ANTIQUITY {Cyd.) — There are great difputes concerning the antiquity, or age of the world.

Ariftotle carried it even to eternity ; and Parmenides, Py- thagoras, and the Chaldeans were of the fame opinion ; but the generality of philofophers, as well as divines and hiftorians, have always held an origin of it. V. Tbomaf. Meth. Etud. Hift. Prof. I. 1. c. r. §. 1. feq.

Though where to fix that origin, is the difficulty. The dif- ferent fyffems of chronology of the Greeks, the Egyptians, the Jews, the Hebrew text, and the fcptuagint veriion, of Scaliger, of Pezron, of Sir Ifaac Newton, &ff. to fay no- thing of the Chinefe annals, leave the point infinitely em- bar raffed.

Dom. Pezron thinks he has merited well of the public by add- 2000 years to the age of the world, which had been taken from it by Scaliger and others ; but this did not hinder F. Martianay from entering a profecution againft him in the arch- bilhop's court of Paris, for herefy. — His crime was following the Heathen, rather than the Hebrew chronology, in which how- ever he was preceded by' the generality of the fathers and pri- mitive writers of the church ; among whom it appears to have been a common practice, to make 5500 years between the crea- tion, and the incarnation. In reality, the Jews are charged with having corrupted their chronology ; by which the moderns have been milled. Mem.de Trev. 1707. p. 1272. Valem. Elem. de l'Hift. T. 1. p. 16. feq.

Some have propofed to make a trace of the Antiquity of the earth, by an obfervatkm of the faltnefs of the fea ; others by obferving the elevation of the bottom of the fea, or the growth of its ftrata. — One mark or proof of Antiquity has been ftarted by Rudbeck, which he pretends to have carried to a demonftration ; it is taken from the thicknefs of a certain black cruft, called in the Swedifh tongue, Mat-iorden, and Swart-myllan, which covers the furface of the earth, being formed of a mixture of rotten grafs and other herbs, with duft, and a kind of mud, which the melted fnow leaves be- hind it. According to this antiquary, there are at leaft 500 years requifite to form an inch thick of this cruft, which in many places of Sweden is found to be upwards of feven inches thick, where urns have been dug up full of bones and afhes. From whence it follows, according to this author, that it is upwards of 3500 years fince burning the dead was pra&ifed in Scandinavia. Jour, des Scav. T. 43. p. &6.

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