Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/178

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was not the true Meffiah promifed to the Jews ; but that ano- ther was ftill to be expected. Prateol, loc. cit. ANTICHTHON, Afli;eflw, in its primitive or aftronomic fenfe, denotes a kind of globe or earth refembling ours, and like it moving round the fun, but invifible to us, becaufe on the oppofite fide of the fun, that luminary being ftill exactly in- terpofed between this other earth and ours. Thomafius, ubi infra. Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 33. p. 422. In this fenfe it is, that Pythagoras and his difciples affcrted an Anticbthon j of which we have the teftimonies of Ariftotle % Plutarch \ &*.—[■ De Ccelo. 1. 2. c. 13. It. Metaph. 1. 1. c. 5. b De Placit. Philof. 1. 3. c. 11.]

There is a great variety of fentiments concerning the Pytha- gorean Anticbthon ; fome taking their account in a literal, others in a figurative fenfe ; fome find a Heathen, others a Jewifh, and others even a Chriftian meaning in it. By rcafon of the perfection of the number ten, they concluded there muft be juft fo many fpheres ; and as our fenfes only difcover nine, viz. the feven planets, the fphere of the fixed ftars, and our earth, they imagined a tenth oppofite to ours. V. Tho?naf. ubi infra. §. 16.

Others will not allow Pythagoras to have invented the Anticb- thon, but aflfert him to have borrowed the notion from the antientjews, who inftead of the prefent earth, «i!u x.Sem W1>k, expected a*\ix$»m, or another earth. V. lfai. c. lxv. v. 17. Pet. c. iii. v. 10.

In reality it appears from a paffage in Plato, that the Greeks confidcred their Anticbthon, as feared in the heavens, and vaftly more excellent than our earth. In Phaed. p. 398. V. Obfcrv. Halens. T. 8. Obf. 3. §. 11.

Some of the fathers who endeavoured to accommodate the doctrines of the Heathen philofophers to thofe of chrifti- anity, aflert that this Pythagorean earth is no other than the heavens of the righteous. V. Clem. Alex. Strom. 1. 5. in fine. Thomafius has a differtation exprefs on the Pythagorean An- ticbthon. Ext. in Obferv. Halens. T. 4. Obf. 19.

ANTICIPATION, (Cycl.) in rhetoric, a figure otherwife called Prolepfis. See Prolepsis, Cycl.

Anticipation is alfo ufed, in a logical fenfe, for a prefump- tion, prejudice, or prasconceived opinion. SbafteJb.Q\\2A'z&.. T. 2. p. 120. 307. Sc 412.

This is alfo denominated prseconception, pnefenfation, or inftinct.

Anticipation, in the Epicurean philofophy, denotes the firft idea, or definition of a thing, without which we can neither name, think, doubt, or even enquire concerning it. Gajfend. Synt. Philof. Epicur. P. i.e. 2. p. 18. This is otherwife denominated prenotion. See the article

PrENOTION, Cycl.

Anticipation, in this fenfe, makes the fecond of Epicurus's cri- terions of truth.

Anticipation is alfo ufed by lord Shaftefbury, infpeakingof painting, to denote the expreffion of fome future action, re- solution, or the like. Shaftefb. Charact. T. 3. p. 355. feq.

Anticipation, in a medicinal fenfe, is applied to difeafes, wherein part of the fymptoms which regularly belong to fome future period, appear in the beginning ; or, the word may be underftood of thofe difeafes, which having their accefles and remiffions at ftated hours, gain in point of time, and finifh their period fooner than ordinary. V. Gal. de Crif. 1. 1.

?' 3- ;

In this fenfe, Anticipation, or anticipated difeafes, by the Greeks called wgoXun'lixoi, ftand oppofed to hyfteretic, wr«g«I»«oi, which come after the time. Vid. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 56. in voc. Anticipnns.

ANTICK, in fculpture and painting, denotes a fantaftical compofure of figures of different natures, fcxes, csV. As men, heafts, birds, flowers, fifties, and even things merely imaginary, or which have no exiftence in the nature of things. Build. Diet. T. 1. in voc.

Antkk amounts to much the fame with what the Italians call Grotefca, and the French Grotefque.

ANTIDICOMARIANITES (Cycl.)— St. Epiphanius refutes the Antidicomarianites by this argument, viz. That the lionefs never brings forth more than one ; for that fhe voids the uterus itfelf at her firft birth, to make any future one im- poffible. Suppofing the fact true, what has the lionefs to do with Jofeph's wife ? Chrift was called the lion of the tribe of Judah j confequently his mother was a lionefs ! The rea- foning is admirable ! Budd. Ifag. ad Theol. 1. 2. c. 3. p. 561.

Sutor has publifhed an exprefs refutation of the Antidicomaria- nites, Apologet. in Antidicomarianitas. B. Virginis Laudi- bus detrahentes. Par. 1526. 4.

ANTIDORON, in ecclefiaftical writers, a name given by the Greeks to the confecrated bread, out of which the middle part marked with the crofs, wherein the confecration refides, being taken away by the prieft, the remainder is diftributed, after mats, to the poor. V. Gear. adEuchol. Graec. p. 154. feq. On the fides of the Aniidoron are impreffed the words Jefus Chrijlus vicit. Schmid. Lex. Ecclef. p. 51. The word is Greek, Afli3« eor> formed from dtagor, donum, a gift, as being given away kca muneris, or in charity. Magri. Vocab. Ecclef. p. 18.

The Antidoron is alfo called fonts prafanSfijicatus. Suic. Thef. T. 1. p. 373. in voc. Av1iJ«g 6 ».

Some fuppofe the Antidoron to be diftributed in lieu of the facrament, to fuch as were prevented from attending in per- fon at the celebration j and thence derive the origin of the word, the eucharift being denominated dsron gift, by way of eminence. Trev. Diet. Univ. T. i.p. 442. feq. ANTIDOSIS, Anli^Wir, in antiquity, denotes an exchange of eftates, practifed by the Greeks on certain occafions with pe- culiar ceremonies, and firft inftituted by Solon. When a perfon was nominated to an office, the expence of which he was not able to fupport, he had recourfe to the An- tidojis ; that is, he was to leek fome other citizen of better lubftance than himfelf, who was free from this, and other offices ; in which cafe the former was excufed. In cafe the perfon thus fubftituted denied himfelf to be the richeft, they were to exchange eftates, after this manner, the doors of their houfes were clofe fhut up and fealed, that nothing might be conveyed away, then both took an oath to make a faithful difcovery of all their effects, except what lay in the filver mines ; which by the laws was excufed from all impotts ; accordingly, within three days, a full difcovery and exchange of eftates was made. Potter, ArchaeoL 1. 1. c. 15. ANTIDOTARY is ufed by fome writers for what we more ufually call a difpenfatory. Cajl. Lex. Med. in voc. We have Antidotaries extant of feveral authors, as thofe of Nicolaus, Mefue, Mvrepfus, Rhafis, &t, ANTIDOTE (Cycl.)— The indian phyfic confifts much in the ufe of Antidotes, viz. the root mungo, and the viper-ftone ; both held fovereign againft the bite of the Cobras de Cabclo, and other venomous creatures. Kewpf. Aman, Exot. Fafc. 3- Obf. ic. Antidote is alfo ufed, in a more general fenfe, for any com- pound medicine. Friend, Hift. of Phyf. P. 2. p. 41. ' In which fenfe, Peter Damian fpeaks of a perfon who in his whole life never took any Antidote. Epift. 30. 1. 6. Du Cange, in voc. Antidote is alfo ufed in a lefs proper fenfe for any remedy againft any difeafe, chiefly if it be inveterate, and arife from fome ulcer or abfeefs. Gal. de Antidot. 1. 2. c. 6. Antidote is alfo ufed for a particular form of medicines, other- wife called opiates, or more properly confe£liom. See Con- fection, Cycl. Antidote is alfo myfUcally applied to the philofopher's ftone.

Cajl el. Lex. Med. in voc. ANTIGRAPHE, Afiiy^fpv, in antiquity, denotes a law flat about kindred, whereby a perfon claimed relation to fuch of fuch a family. Potter, Archaeol. L I.e. 24. The Antlgraphe appears to have been the fame with the

naja*a!«&A. See Par ACAT ABOLE.

ANTIGRAPHUS, A»V € «piu f, in antiquity, an officer of Athens who kept a counterpart of the Apodecti, or chief treafurers accounts to prevent miftakes, and keep them from being falfified.

This magiftrate was particularly denominated hPny^iv; rv: AioiK-nu-suq, fometimes alfo, AvV/^afprJs tjjs @uM$. Potter, Ar- ch aeol. 1. i.e. 14. Suid. Lex. p. 222.

Antigraphus is alfo ufed, in middle age writers, for a fecretary or chancellor. He is thus called, according to the old gloffa- rifts, on account of his writing anfwers to the letters fent to his maftcr ; quod refcribit Uteris ?nijjis ad dominion fuum. The Antigraphus is fometimes alfo called arcbigraphus ; and his dignity Antigrapbia, or archigraphia. Du Cange, GlofT. Grsec. T. 1. p. 83.

Antigraphus is alfo ufed in Ifidorus for one of the notes of fentences, which is placed with a dot to denote a diver- fity of fenfe in tranflations. Ifid. Orig. 1. i.e. 20. Ephem. DhT. de Vet. Crit. er»f*«« ? , c. 2. §. 9.

Antigraphus is alfo applied in ecclefiaftical writers to an ab- breviator of the papal letters. See Abbreviator. In which fenfe the word is ufed by pope Gregory the great in his regifter.

Of late days the office of Antigrapbus confifts in making mi- nutes of bulls from the petitions agreed to by his holinefs, and renewing the bulls after engroffing. Magri. Vocab. Ecclef. p. 18.

ANTIHECTICUM Poterii (Cycl) is alfo called antimomum diaphoreticum joviale.

There are divers methods of preparing it, given by Wedelius, Etmuller, &c. V. Juncken, Lex. Pharm. in voc. A learned author fpeaks of it as a remedy fatal to confump- tive perfons. What fhall we fay ? A medicine has been in common ufe upwards of an hundred years, yet phyficians cannot agree whether it does good or harm. Junck. Confp. Therap. Tab. 16. n. 57.

ANTILEXIS, in antiquity, denotes a new trial granted in the Athenian judicatories, where judgement had before paffed againft a party for non-appearance. Potter, Archseol. 1. 1. c. 2r.

ANTILUTHERANS, a feet or party among the antient re- formers, who maintained opinions, chiefly in relation to the eucharift, different from thofe of Luther. Prateol. Elench. Hasret, 1, 1. n. 45.

Such