Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/173

 ANT

and at the bottom of the fea. V. Du Cange, Gloff. Gr. T. i. p. 81. in voc. wWi.

It is an AlcaB and faid to be of fome medicinal ufe as a refol- ventand dryer ; at leaft. by the antients. V. Myrepf de Un- guent. Sect. 3, c. 42.

The Anialium bears a near affinity both in origin, ftrudture, and ufe, with the Dentalium.

ANT APHRODISIAC, an epithet given to medicines, which diminUh the feed, and extinguifh the ftimuli or incitements to venery. Wedel. Amasn. Med. 1. 2. Sect. 2. c. 18. Caft. Lex. Med. p. 54.

ANTAPOCHA, in the civil law, denotes one's acknowledge- ment in writing of money paid, in the way of rent, penfion, intereft, or the like incumbrance. Such inftrument or An- tapocha the debtor gives upon making payment to the creditor, to ferve as a proof of the charge or incumbrance for futu- rity, and exclude any claim of prescription againft the pay- ment of it. The Antapocha differs from the Apocha, in that this latter is given by the creditor to the debtor, the former vice verfa. Calv. Lex, Jur. p. 71.

ANTASTROPHE, in rhetoric, a fpecies of antepofition. See Anteposition.

ANTEAMBULONES, in antiquity, a kind of ftate fervants, who walked before their mafters to clear the way, and keep off the crowd. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. r. p. 114. The formula ufed by thefe was date locum domino meo.

ANTECANIS is ufed, by fome aftronomers, to denote the ftar or conftellation otherwife called cants minor, or Procyon. It is thus denominated as preceding, or being the forerunner of the earns major, and riling a little before it. Vital. Lex. Math. p. 47.

ANTECESSORS, in theantient art of war, is an appellation given to a party of horfe, difpatched before the agmen or body of an army, partly by way of intelligence, and partly to chufe out a proper place for encamping on, as well as the moft convenient roads for the foldiery to travel in. Aquin. Lex. Milit. in voc.

Thefe are alfo denominated Antccurfores. They amount to tire fame with what the Greeks call pro- dromi,

ANTECURSORES, in the antient military art, parties fent before to mark out a camp, procure provifion, or even re- connoitre the enemy. Aquin, Lex. Milit. T. 1. p. 55.

ANTEJUSTINIANEAN, an appellation fometimes given to the antient Roman law, as it flood before the time of the em- peror Juftinian.

Tribonian has been often condemned for fupprefling the writ- ings of the Antejuftinianean lawyers. Schulting, a celebrated profeflbr at Leyden, has a diflertation exprefs on the equity of this cenfure a. Fabricius gives a catalogue of the antient Antejuftinianean lawyers b. Schulting c has published a collec- tion of the Antejujlinianean writers. — [ a Ext. in fine ejufd. Jurifpr. Antejuft. b Bibl. Graec. 1. 6. c. 6. n. 5. c Jurifpru- dentia Vetus Antejuftinianea. Lugd. Bat. 1717. 4to.]

ANTELIUS, or Anthelius, in antient writers, denotes an idol placed over the doors of houfes, fuppofed to have the guardianfhip, or protection of them. Magr. Vocab. Ecclef. p. 18.

The word is originally Greek, a^,,?, q. d. againft the fun, as being expofed thereto.

ANTELOPE, in natural hiftory, the name by which we com- monly call the Gazella, a creature of the goat genus, of which there are three diftindt kinds. See the article Ga- zella.

ANTELUCAN, in ecclefiaftical writers, is applied to things done in the night or before day.

We find frequent mention of the Antilucan aflembltes, Catus Antelucani, of the antient chriftians in times of perfecution, for religious worfhip. Bingb. Orig. Ecclef. 1. 13. 10. §. 1 1.

ANTELUDIA, in antiquity, a day of mow or parade preced- ing the Circenfes, wherein the preparations made for thofe fo- lemnities were expofed in great form and pomp. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 115.

ANTEMURALE, in middle age writers, denotes a kind of outer wall environing the other walls and works of a place, and pre- venting the too near accefs of the enemy to them. Du Cange, GlofT. Lat. in voc.

This is alfo called by Ifidore, Promurale, as being pro muni- tione muri, for the defence of the wall. Ifid. Orig. 1. 15. c. 2.

In fome writers we find it denominated antepetlsralis muris, in others anptts. Du Cange, loc. cit.

Antemurale is alfo ufed to denote any work without fide the rampart or wall of the place. Aquin. Lex. Milit. in voc. In this fenfe, Antemurale amounts to the fame with what we otherwife call outwork.

Antemurale is alfo ufed in ecclefiaftical writers for thevefti- ble or entrance of the preibyterium, or bema.

ANTENATUS is ufed in fome law writers for the firft-born, or eldeft fon, anfwering to what we call aifne. Du Cange, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 24 i.

Antenatus is alfo fometimes ufed for a fon, the iffue of a former marriage.

In which fenfe, Antenatus amounts to the fame with Privignus* Suppl. Vol. I.

ANT

Antenatt, in the modern Englifh hiftory, is chiefly under- ftood of the fubjecls of Scotland, born before king James the firft's acceffion to the Englifh crown, and alive after it V Rapin, Extr. deRym. Faed. T. 16. Bibl. Anc. Mod.T. i8~ p. 278^

In relation to thefe, thofe who were born after the acceffion were denominated pojlnatt.

The Antenatt were confidered as aliens in England, whereas the Pojlnati claimed the privilege of natural fubjects.

ANTENCLEMA, AiWxujaa, in oratory, is where the whole defence of the perfon accufed turns on criminating the accu- fcr. Quintl. Inft.l. 7. c. 3.

Such is the defence of Oreftes, or the oration for Milo, eccifus eft fedlatro. Exfeclus fed raptor. See the article Recri- mination, Cycl.

ANTENICENE, in ecclefiaftical writers, denotes a thing or perfon prior to the firft council of Nice. We fay the Antenicene faith, Antenicene creeds, Antenicene fa- thers a. There are great difputes among divines and critics concerning the Antenicene fyftem of the trinity. Some will have it to have been Arianifm, others Socinianifm, others the fame with what ftill obtains b. Petavius with great learning endeavours to fhew that the Antenicene fathers were all pure Arians ; in which he has been feconded by M. le Clerc, un- der the borrowed name of Theophilus Alethinus; alfo by Baltus, Whifton and others. c Bifhop Bull with no lefs learn- ing defends the orthodoxy of the Antenicene fathers ; and re- futes the feveral objections produced by Petavius d. — [*Budd. Ifag. ad Theol. 1. 2. c. ?.. p. 444. b Budd. loc. cit. 3. p. 581. Nouv. Rep. Lett. T.4. p. 611. Mem. for Ingen. p. 52. c Journ. des Scav. T. 47. p. 223. Jour. Liter. T. 6- p. 85. feq. d Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 31. p. 247.]

ANTENNA, in natural hiftory. See Feelers.

ANTENUPTIAL, fomething that precedes marriage.

In this fenfe, we fay Antenuptial promifes, Antenuptial pre- fents, Antenuptial covenants, tiff.

Neoftadius has a treatife exprefs de patl'n Antenuptialihus. Lipen. Bibl. Jur. p. 370.

ANTEPILANI, among the antient Romans, denote the Haftati or Principes of a legion.

They are fuppofed to have been thus called becaufe ranged before the Triarii, who were alfo called Pilani. Some will have the word to be a corruption for Anteftgnani. V. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. in voc.

ANTEP1LEPTIC, in medicine, denotes a quality in bodies, whereby they refift or oppofe the epilepfy and convulfive mo- tions. "V. Caft, Lex. Med. in voc.

The chief Antepileptics from the vegetable kingdom are, the roots of pseony, valerian, the flowers of the lime tree, mifle- toe of the oak, hazel and lime.

The animal kingdom affords a great number of Antepileptics either real or imaginary. Such are elks claws, caftoreum, divers parts of the deer, fwallows-hearts, the human cranium, blood, fecundines, fsV. the hippomanes, lizards, frogs and moles liver and fpine, lions and peacocks dung, earth worms, &c.

The mineral kingdom affords hyacinths and fmaragds prepared, alfo tincture of luna. "Junck. Confp. Therap. Gen. Tab. go. p. 597. feq.

ANTEPOSITION, a grammatical figure, whereby a word which by the ordinary rules of fy n tax ought to follow ano- ther comes before it. As when in the Latin the adjective is put before the fubftantive, the verb before the nominative cafe, &c. Tljomas. Erot. Rhet. p. 75. Antepofition ftands oppofed to poftpofition. One cafe or fpecies of this figure is called by a particular name, antajlrophe.

ANTERIDES, in the antient architecture, denotes buttrefles erected to fupport a wall.

Thefe are fometimes alfo called antes, fometimes erifma, and by the Greeks igcKqufla.

Anterides anfwer to what the modern builders call counter- forts, arcbutants j the Italians, barbicane, and fperoni, or fpurs. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 115. Aquin. Lex. Milit. T. 1. p. 55. Voff. Etym. p. 32.

ANTEROTES, a name given by fome of the antient writers on gems to a fpecies of the amethyft. Some have imagined they meant by it a fort of opal, but Pliny exprefsly contra- dicts this, making the Anteroies the fifth kind of amethyft in value.

ANTESIGNANI, in the Roman armies, a kind of foldiery pofted before the eagles, and other enfigns of the legions, whence their appellation.

The Anteftgnani ftand contradiftinguifhed from the fubfignam, who were ranged in the fame line with the enfign; and from the pojlfignani, who were placed behind them. Critics are greatly divided concerning the Anteftgnani, Li'p- fius maintains them to have been Haftati, whofe office was to defend the ftandard ; whence they were alfo denominated propugnatores, and pnepojiti ftgnorum. On this fuppofition, the Principes made the fubftgnani, and the Triarii the feftfig- nani ». Others will have the Velites to have been the Anteftg- nani, at leaft in Casfar's time ; agreeably to which Livy di- vides the whole army into Anteftgnani and poftfignani ; the former of whom made the firft line, compofed of Velites, or 2 U perfons