Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/168

 ANN

ANN

AN1METTA, in eeclcfiaftical writers, denotes the pall or cloth wherewith the cup is covered in the eucharift; Magru Vo- cal). Ecclef. p. 17. t ^ AN1NGA, in commerce, a root growing in the Cambce iflands, of ufe in the refinement of fugar. Saver, Diet. Comm. T. 1. p. 107. feq.

The decoction of this root is found a more certain, as well as more innocent means of clarifying fugar, than the fubli- niate and arfenic ufed for this purpofe, before the difcovery of the Aninga.* ANISATUMj a name given to anife-feed water. Tralhan.

1. 8. c. 6. Meurs, Gloll". p. 38. See Anise-seed. ANISCALPTOR, in anatomy, a name given by Laurentius and others to exprefs the mufcle now generally known by the name of latiflimus dorfi. It is called alfo anitcrfor by Rio- lanus. See Latissimus. ANISE-SEED — The plant which produces it is a fpecies of apium or parfly, called by Tournefort opium anijum d'tclum femine fuaviolenti major't, parfly with large fwcet-fcented feeds, commonly called anife \ The plant is of very difficult cul- ture among us, and will hardly quit the coft, as we can have the feed much better and cheaper from Italy, than they can be produced here b . — [ a Vid. Junck. Confp. Therap. tab. 9. n. 41. Lemery, Tr. des Drog. p. 49. _ b Mill. Did:. Gard. in voc. apium.] See Tab. of microfcopical objects, clafs 2. The compound powder of Anifi-feed is called dianifum. It is accounted a cordial, pectoral, and expeller of wind, and in thofe intentions much ufed by farriers. Starry Anise-seed, Anifum Stellatum, is a feed brought chiefly from Tartary ; thus called from the affinity it bears in fmell to the common Anife-feed, and the ftar-like figure of its cap- fula feminalis, Junck, Confp. Therap. tab. 9. n. 41. Le- mery, Tr. des Drog.

It was firft brought into Europe from the Philippine iflands by an Englifli mariner, named Thomas Candy, in his return from a voyage round the world in the year 1601. — The na- tives call it damor and Zingi; the Europeans fometimes fce- niculum finenfe, or Chinefe fennel \ Botanifts, anifum indi- eum, anifum peregrinum, anifum exoticum Philippinarum tn- fularum, catdamomum jiberienfe, badianum, &c. Burggr, Lex. Med. T. 1. p. 828.

Its virtues are of the fame kind with thofe of the common Anife-feed^ only that it is fweeter, more grateful, penetrating and aromatic. It is reputed a general cordial and ftrengthner. The Chinefe ufe it in the preparation of their tea ; and after their example the Dutch alfo ufe it in this liquor, pretending it makes it more pleafant.

The wood is alfo imported into Europe, where it is em- ployed in works of marquetry and mofaic. — It is alfo called anil. Savar. Diet. Com. T. 1. p. 107. ANITERSOR, in anatomy, a name given by Riolanus and others to a mufcle, called by Laurentius anifcalptor, and by ■ others latiffimus dorfi. See Latissimus dorfi. ANNA, among the Romans, a name given to the moon.

Mofm. Lex. in voc. Luna, ANNALS {Cycl.) — Cicero relates the origin of Annals, which were defigned to preferve the memory of tran factions. The pontifex maximus, fays he, wrote what palled each year, and expofed it on tables, in his own houfe, where every one was at liberty to read them. Cicero, de Orat. 1. 2. c. 12.

Thefe they called Annales maxim ; and the cuftom was kept up till the time of P. Mutius, in the year of Rome 620. The denomination maximi was not given them on account of their bulk, but of their authors the pontifices maximi a. Livy alfo calls them fajli and commentarii pontificum. The author of the origin of the Roman nation calls them Annales pontificates *. — [ a Feft. de Verb, fignif. p. 97. b GelL I. 4. c.5. Macrob. I.3. c. 2. Cicero, de Orat. c. 12.] The annales maximi confiftcd of eighty hooks. They were moft of them deftroyed in the burning of the city by the Gauls. Vid. Struv. Synt. Antiq. Rom. c. 12, The like Annals were kept from the earlidt ages by the Egyptians, Babylonians, Perfians, Chaldeans, &c, Strab. I 17. p. 543, 548. Jofepb. 1. contr. Apion. p. 1035. feq. Fabric. Bibl. La£. p. 638.

rials of the Francifcans by Wadding, tffc. alfo an infinite number of provincial and local Annals ; Annals of monaftc- ries, of churches, &fc. civil Annals, political Annals, military . Annals, &c. a ; Annals of England, of Ireland, b c3V..— p Vid. Lipen. ubi fupr. " Vid. Nichols, Irifh Hilt. Librar. c. 2. p. 30. It. in Append. N D 1. p. 179. It. N" 4. p. 243,] ANNALE, in fome middle-age writers, denotes a day held every year in commemoration of the dead. In which fenfe Annate amounts to the fame with what is other wife called Anniver [avium. Annale is more particularly applied to the manes celebrated during the fpace of a year for the dead. Du Cange, GloflT. Lat. T. 1. p,i96. ANNALIS actio, in the civil law, denotes an action which may be put in practice any time within the year. In the like fenfe we meet with Annate decrcium or negatum, Annalis refcifie, &c. Calv. Lex. Jur, p. 69.
 * Wc have alfo Annals of the benedidtines by Mabillon ; An-

Annalis clavm; inRomah antiquity, ihc n;iil which the p« ;?»<-. r, conful, or dictator fixed every year in the wall of Jupiter's temple, on the ides of September, to mew the sera or numl-er of years from the building of Rome. This cuftom was after- wards changed, and the years were reckoned by the donfuls. Danet, Lex. in voc, Annalis exceptio, a kind of privilege antiently granted the people of Italy, that whoever had made a contract, could not be compelled to the performance, or payment of what had been agreed on within the year. Some extended this privilege fo as to render it ftill more grievous", bv computing the year cxclufive of all holydays. Calv. Lex; jur. p. 69. Annales Ubri, in the civil law, denote books wherein' the acts, and proceedings of a whole year were contained; Calv. Lex. Jur. in voc.

In which fenfe Annates ftand oppofed tofemejlres Hbrij where- in the aits and conftitutions of fix months were contained. Annales baculi, denote a kind of wooden almanacks ufed among our anceftors, called alfo runftocks or clogs. If'sma de fait. Danic. 1. 3. c. 2. Annales, in middle-age writers, denotes vcarlings,- or you n^

cattle of a year old, or under two. Du Cengey'm voc. Ann ales alfo denotes a kind of rent, or annual revenue. Du

Cange, GIofT. Lat. in voc. ANNATES (Cycl.) — The invention of Annates is afcribed, by a late writer, to Anthonin bifhop of Ephefus, who exacted from all bifhops confecrated by him, a fum proportionate to the annual revenues of their fees. The council of Ephefus held in 400, condemned this exaction, but not till Anthonin was dead. It was long after ere Annates got footing in the weftern Church. The time when they were firft introduced is very obfeure ; 'fome refer it to the pontificate of Alexander JVth ; others to that of John XXlId, who the firft year of his papacy got a year's revenue of all the cathedral bene- fices. In 1399, during the fchifm of the antipopes, Bene- dict IXth exacted a year's revenue of all the arebbiihoprics, bishopries, and abbics. But in the time of thefe popes, the Annates were not fixed ; and the clergy often refufed to pay them. There were even popes who condemned Annates ; and the fecular princes frequently ftickled againft the pay- ment of them, forbidding any money to be carried out of their dominions on this account. The council of Bafil abo- lished them. But by the concordat made between Leo Xth, and Erancis Ift, thcy_ were fettled for perpetuity in France a. Notwithstanding which, M. de Launoi continued all his life protefting againft them as a moft deteftable fpecies of fimony b. — [ 3 Aubert, ap. Richel. Diet, in voc. b B. Launc't de Vene- rand. Ecclef. Tradit. circa Simoniam, ap. Budd. Ifag. ad Theol. 1. 2. c. 5. p. 820.]

Nic. de Clemangis, A. Mafia, Gallcfius, Campegius and Fernandus Cordubenfis have written cxprefsly concerning Annates. Vid. Lipen. Bibl. Jur. p. 19. ANNEALING, ( Qycl. } or as it is popularly cAMNcaiing, the art or act of burning or baking earthen or other ware in an oven. The miners at Mendip, when they meet with a rock they cannot cut thro', anneal it by laying on wood and coal, and contriving the fire fo that they quit the mine ere the opera- tion begins; it being dangerous to enter it again before it be quite cleared of the fmoak. Phil. Tranf. N°. 39. p. 769. Annealing of tile, is ufed in antient ltatutes for the burning of tile. Stat. 17. Ed. 4. c. 4.

The word is formed of the Saxon Onalan, accendere, to Hgjht, burn. Skin. Etym. in voc. Annealing of Glafs, the baking of it in a kind of oven, over a melting furnace, called the tower, after it has been fafhioned into properveflels or utenfils. Bocrb. Meth. Chem. P. 1. p. 140.' Not. SeeGLAss. Annealing is more particularly ufed for the act of burning,

or fixing metalline colours on glafs. See Glass. Annealing of Iron. See Iron. Annealing of Steel. See Steel.

ANNIHILATION [Cycl.]— Divines, philofophers, Chriftians, Heathens, Jews, Siamcfe, Perfians, Papifts, Socinians, &e. have their peculiar fyftcms, fentiments, conjectures, not to fay dreams, concerning Annihilation ; and we find great dis- putes among them about the reality, the poffibility, the means, meafures, prevention, ends, CSV. of Annihilation. The firft notions of the production of a thing from, or re- duction of it to nothing, Dr. Burnet fhews, arofe from the Chriftian theology ; the words creation and Annihilation m the fenfe now given to them, having been equally unknown to the Hebrews, the Greeks, and the Latins. Vid. Bibl. Univ. T. 24. p. 455.

The antient philofophers in effect denied all Annihilation as well as creation, revolving all the changes in the world into new modifications, without fuppofing the production of any thing new, or destruction of the old. Vid. Bibl. Choif. T. 1. p. 105. feq.

By daily experience they faw compounds difiblved, and in their diflblution. nothing pcrifhed, but their union, or connection of parts : when in death the body and foul were feparated, the man they held was gone, but the fpirit remained in its original the great foul of the world, and the body in its earth from whence it came,, thefe were again wrought by na- ture