Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/164

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The beft feafon is from April to Oftober, for in very cold ftormy weather the fi(h will not bite ; the bell: times of the day are from three till nine in the morning, and from three in the afternoon till fun-fet..

In an cafterly wind there is never much fport for the Angler ; the foutherly winds are the bed for his pnrpofe, and a warm but lowering day is moll of all to be chofen; a gentle wind after a Hidden fhower to difturb the water makes a very good opportunity for the Angler ; the cooler the weather in the hottelt months, the better, but in winter on the contrary the warmer the day the better. Acloudydayafter a bright moon-light night is always a good day for fport, for the fifli do not care for go- ing after prey in the bright moon-lhine, and are therefore hungry the next morning.

The openings of fluices and mill-dams always bring filh up the current to feck for the food, which is brought with the ftream, and angling in thefe places is ufually fuccefsful. Thofe who are fond of .angling might fave themfelves fome fruitlefs trouble, by obferving when fmall filh in a jar take — refufe food. See the article Fish. Angling differs from poaching, as the latter is performed chiefly by nets, and night-lines, the former by a rod, iSc, Add that the latter is done in a clandeftine manner, forbid by the laws, which does not hold of the former. By the poaching methods more fifli are deftroyed in one month, than all the Anglers in England can take in feven.

Ground-A.xGLiNG. See the article Ground.

Night-A.SGi.mG. See the article Night,

ANGLO-CALVINISTS, a name given by fome ecclefiaftical hiftorians to the members of the church of England, con- fidered as their church in matters of doflrine follow the fyf- tem of Calvin. V. Natal. Alexantl. Seleft. Hift. Ecclef. Se&. 15. P. 1. A3. Erud.Lipf. 1687. p. 437.

The Auglo-Cahinijls make one of the four branches or divifions of Calvinifm ; and as fuch fiand diftinguifhed from the pure Calvinifts, the Pifcatorians, and the Arminians.

ANGLO-SAXON Language, that fpoke by the antient Angh or Saxons who fettled in England.

It was thus called from the people, who were partly Angli, partly Saxons.

It is otherwife denominated limply Saxon. The Anglo-Saxon, or Englifll Saxon, is properly the origi- nal Englifll ; being the language which our Saxon anceftors firft eltabliftied in this ifland.— It is now called Anglo-Saxon to diftinguilh it from the modern or prefent Englifll. Wallit, Ap. Greenw. Engl. Gramm. Pref. p. 16.

ANGON, in the antient writers on mechanics, denotes a mi- litary engine of the bow-kind. Hero, de Machin. Bell. c. 17. Authors are divided as to the form and ftrudure of the an- tient Angon. From the defcription given of it by Hero, the Angon as well as the monangon appears to have been near a-kin to the Catapultx and Ballifta:, being ranked in tire number of the Lithobolre, or engines for throwing itones. Aauin. Lex. Milit. in voc.

Agathias fpeaks of another kind of Angones of the javelin, or°fpear-kind, not unlike our halbards. Pachymeret fays exprefsly thefe were the fame with the antient Tragula. Pa- chynu in. Andron. 1. 6. c. 30.

ANGON7EUS, in anatomy, a name given by Riolanus and others, to a mufcle called by the generality of other writers anconaus, and ctthitatis minor. See Anconeus.

ANGOR is ufed by fome phyficians to denote a fhrinking in- wards of the native heat of the body, or its retiring to the center; upon which enfues a pain, and palpitation of the heart, attended with fadnefs and melancholy. Caji. Lex. Med. p.50. In this fenfe, Angor amounts to much the fame with what the Greeks call Agonia.

The Angor is reputed a bad fymptom, when it happens in the beginning of an acute fever. Cajlcl. loc. cit. Gall. Com. I. <le Hum. & com. in Epid. 1. 1. 1. 75. It. de diff. pulf. 1. 4. c. 3.

ANGSANA or Angsava, in botany, names by which fome authors have defcribed the draco arbor, or dragon tree ; one of the trees (aid to afford the fanguis draconis, or dragon's blood of the (hops. Dale, Pharm. p. 337.

ANGUELLA, in zoology, a name given by fome authors to the fifli more ufually called bepfetos, and atherina, a fmall frfh caught about the fliores of the Mediterranean and fome other places, and efteemed a delicate tailed one. IVillugbly, Hift. Pifc. p. 210. See the article Hepsetus.

ANGUILLA, in zoology. See Eel.

ANGUILLIFORM, Anguilliformis, in zoology, the term for a very large clafs of fifties, which are foft and lubricous like the eel, and have no fcales.

The word is derived from the Latin Anguilla, an eel, and Forma, fliape or appearance. Moft of the filh comprifed in this clafs are long bodied alfo like the eel. Some of them have neither fins at their gills nor belly, as the murus and lampetra ; others have fins at their gills, but none on their bellies, as the fea-ferpent, eel, conger, ophidion, and am- modytes. And others have both, as the taeniae, muftela?, alaudas, and the like. Ray, Ichtbyograph. p. 103.

AnguilliformIs fometimes alfo applied to land animals which bear a refemblance to eels, but do not properly belong to that clafs. .

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In this fenfe, we read of Anguillifarm worms. G. Elferus maintains that eels are viviparous ; having found in fome 6T them certain membranes full of AuguilUform worms. Vid. Giorn. de Letter d'ltal. 75. p. 190. ANGU1NA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants de- fcribed by Michel and mentioned by Plumier, and in the Mala- bar garden. It is the fame genus with the Tricbojantbes of Linnaeus defcribed in his genera plantarum. p. 466. See Trichosanthes.

ANGU1NEI Vcrfus, in poetry, thofe which may be read backwards. Seal, Poet. 1. 2. c. 42.

Thefe are otherwife called recurrent veries. Such e, gr, are Optimum jus, lex arnica, vox diferta. Diferta vox, arnica /ex, jus optimum.

ANGUINUM Ovum, among antient writers, denotes an ex- traordinary fort of egg, faid to be produced by the joint faliva. of a clutter of fnakes ; being tolled up on high by the hifs , and thus caught in the air by the druids. It was endued with many marvellous virtues. Plin. Hilt. Nat. 1. 9. c. 3. Bibl. Franc. T. 8. p. 227.

Mercatus and others by a miftake give this name to a figured ftone of the fpecies of Echinites, move properly called Scolo- pendrites, by fome Bufonitcs. Mercat. Mctalloth. Arm. 9. c 54. Giorn. de letter d'ltal. T. 32. p. 1 96.

ANGUIS, the Snake, in the Linnsean fyftem of zoology, makes a diftin<5t and large genus of the order of the creeping, am- phibious animals ; the character of which is, their having no feet, and a fcaly body of a cylindric figure. Of this genus are the viper, rattlc-fnake, blind-worm, afp, cobra or hooded-fcrpent, fcf<r. Linneei Syflema Naturse, p. 50. See Snake.

ANGUIUM Lapis, a name given to a fuppofed ftone in Ger- many, which is of a cylindric figure, and has a cavity capa- ble of admitting a finger, and of a yellow colour with a great many variegations. The vulgar call it ducbaneck, and have an idle opinion of its having its origin in fome manner from a ferpent ant. De Boot who had fcen many of them declares them to be fictitious, and made of glafs tinged with two or three colours.

ANGULARIS Scapula, in anatomy, a name given by Winf- low and fome others to the mufcle of the fhoulder generally called the levator fcapular. See L e v a T r.

ANGURIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants called by many authors citruls. They are very nearly allied to the melon and cucumber clafs, but differ from all in having their leaves deeply divided, and their fruit eatable. The fpecies of citrul enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe. 1. The black fecded citrul or Angaria, with leaves cut like thofe of colocynth. 2. The great Indian Angur'ia. 3. The trefoilAmerican^/g-wrmwith fmall fruit. And 4. The Ame- rican Angaria with a rough eatable fruit. Toum. Lift, p. 106. For the medical ufes of citrul. See Cit rul.

ANHALDIN, Alhandimm, an epithet given to various me- dicines, formerly kept as fecrets in the family of Anhalt. Three of the moll celebrated medicines under this denomi- tion are a corrofive, a water, and a fpirit. The corrofive as defcribed by Burggravc is compounded of calcined antimony, fublimate mercury, fal ammoniac, and calcined tartar, diltilled and rectified. Hartman. Opp. T. 1. p. 114.

The defcription of the Anhaltin water is given in the common difpenfatories, and that of the fpirit may be found in De Spina. Bftrggmvi, Lex. Pharm. p. 869.

ANHIMA, in zoology, the name of a Brafilian bird, fome- what refembling the crane family, but not regularly of it. It is diftinguifhed in a very fingular manner from all other birds, having a fmgle long horn on its head inferted a little above the origin of the beak, and ftanding forwards and a little bent downwards. This is of two or three fingers breadth long, and is (lender and round as if nicely turned, and is of # boney fubftance and fine white colour ; and on the front of each wing it has two other fuch horns growing from the fubftance of the bone. It is found about waters, and is a very vora- cious bird, but feeds only on vegetables. It is longer than a fwan ; and is of a mixed colour of black grey and white, with a very little yellow in fome places. It is always feen male and fe- male together j and the male is twice as large as the female, which is here defcribed, and is larger than our fwan. It makes a very loud noife, often repeating the notes, vybu, vybu. Marggrave's, Hilt. Braiil.

ANHINGA, in zoology, the name of a very elegant Brafilian water fowl. It is about the fize of our common duck ; its beak is.ftrait, very (harp, not thick, and about three fingers breath long, and has all along the middle, as well above as below, a long feries of hooked prickles all bending backwards. Its head is fmall, and its neck flender and long, not lets than a foot in length ; its legs are fliort, and its toes connected by a membrane, as in the cormorant and duck-kind. Its tail is ten fingers breadth long ; its wings when folded reach not more than. half the length of the tail ; its head and neck are yel- lowifh, and covered with extremely foft velvet-like feathers ; its breaft, belly, and thighs, are of a filvery white. The upper part of its back is brown fpotted with yellow, and the reft all black. It is common on the Brafilian fliores, and feeds on fifli. Alargqravc'h, Hiir. Braiil,

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