Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/158

 AND

was very bright, and of the colour of filver, and was always

of a regular fquare or teflelated figure.

This defcription is enough to inform us, that it mufl have

been one of that genus of pyritse called, by Mr. Hill, pyricu-

bium j but its virtues are too imaginary to dclerve a place

here.

ANDRODAS, in antient writers, denotes the fixty-third year of man's life. Fabri, Thef. in voc.

This is othervvife called Annus Mgyptius, and CUmailcr Magnus.

Some think the word ought rather to be written Androclas, and derive it from the Greek, <«$§*, man, and x*«>j frangere. Hence Rigaltius renders it by virifragum.

ANDROGYNUM, a^wm, in ecelefiaitical writers, is ttfed to denote matrimony; or even one of the parties married. Du Cange, GlofT. Graec. in voc.

Balneum Androgynum, Avfyoyww ~Ba.hix.vnwj denotes a bath common to both fexes. Id, ibid.

ANDROIDES (Cycl.) — Authors fometimes fpeafc of brazi heads made under certain conftellations, capable not only of rpeaking, but of prophefying, and rendering oracles. Henry de Villeine, Virgil, pope Silvefter, Robert of Lincoln, and Roger Bacon, are faid to have had fuch figures \ Albertus Magnus, it is pretended, went further. He made a compleat man, or Androides, after this manner ; in a courfe of thirty years continual operation, by taking the benefit of an infinite liiimber of different conftellations, and afpects, which pre- fented tbemfelves in that time : for inftancc, the eyes were made, when the fun was in afign of the zodiac, which bore an analogy to that part ; and the like of the reft. It is gene- rally faid to have been compofed of a mixture of divers me- tals ; though fome will have it to have been made of flefh and bones. It was burnt by Thomas Aquinas. — This Androides, it Teems* folved all problems, and cleared up all difficulties for its author. We are even to fuppofe, that a great part of the twenty-nine volumes in folio, which this author produced, are compofed of the dictates, or infpired by the Androides b. — [ a Vid. Naud. Apol. des Gran. Horn. p. 528. fcq. b Bayle, ,Dift. Crit. T. 1. p. 129. n. (F).]

ANDROMEDA, in aftronomy, a conftellation of the northern hemifphere, reprefenting the figure of a woman chained. It is fuppofed to have been formed in memory of Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus and Caffiopcia, and wife of Perfeus, by whom fhe had been delivered from a fea-monfter, to which fhe had been expofed to be devoured for her mother's pride. Minerva tranflated her into the heavens. Vid. Fabri, Thef. p. 164.

Dr. Hook thinks he has difcovered the hidden meaning of the ftory of Andromeda. Vid. Pofthum. Works, p. 401. The ftars in the conftellation Andromeda in Ptolomy's cata- logue are twenty-three, in Tycho's twenty-two, in Bayer's twenty-feven, in" Mr. Flamfted's no lefs than eighty-four.

Andromeda, in the Linnasan fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of plants, including the ledum of Micheli, the chamte- daphne of Buxbaum, the poliifolia of the fame author, and the erica; /pedes and chamarhodsdendros of Tourncfort. The characters are thefe : the pcrianthium is fmail, coloured, and permanent, and is divided into five fegments. The flower confifts of one petal, and is of an oval figure inflated, and di- vided into five reflex fegments at the edge. The ftamina are ten fubulated filaments fhorter than the flower, and fcarce fixed to it. The antherae are divided into two horns, and bend. The germen of the piftil is roundifh ; the ftyle is cy- lindric, and longer than the ftamina, and is permanent. The ffigma is obtufe. The fruit is a roundifh but pentangular capfule, having five cells, and being compofed of as many valves ; when ripe, it opens at their junctures. The feeds are numerous and roundifh. The figure of the flower is fomewhat various in this genus, but it differs evidently from the erica, or heath, in the number of its ftamina. Vid. Limusi, Gen. Plant, p. 188. Micheli, p. 106. Tournef. Inft. p. 273. and 373.

Andromeda, in middle age writers, denotes a kind of gar- ment made of rams fkins. Du Cange, GlofT. Lat. T. 1. p. 187. feq.

Andromeda, in literary hiftory, denotes a celebrated Greek tragedy of Euripides, admired by the antients above all the other compofitions of that poet, but now loft. Vid. Fabric. Bibl. Gra^c. 1. 2. c. 18. p. 647.

It was the reprefentation of this play, in a hot fummer day, that occafioned that epidemic fever, or phrenzy, for which the Abderites are often mentioned, wherein they walked about

the ftreets, rehearfing verfes, and acting parts of this piece

Some afcribe this effect to the excellency of the poem ; others to that of Archelaus the tragedian, who performed in it. Vid. Baill. Jugem. des Scav. T. 3. P. I. p. 377. Bayle, Diet. Crit. in voc. Abdera.

ANDRON, or Andrum, in antiquity, an apartment in houfes afligned for the ufe of the men. This was othcrwife deno- minated Androna, and Andronites. Potter, Archasol. Grasc. I. 4. c. 13.

The Andron ftood oppofed to the gynccaum, or apartment of the women. See G y n je c e u m, Cycl.

AND

The Greeks alfo gave their dining-rooms the title Andron, becaufe the women had no admittance to feafts with the men. Mem. de Trev. 1706. p. 483.

ANDRONA, in antient writers, denotes a ftreet, or public place, where people met and converfed together. Du Cange, GlofT. Lat. T. 1. p. 188.

In fome writers Androna is more exprefly ufed for the fpace between two houfes. In which feme, the Greeks alfo ufe the term Av£§«ks?, for the way or paflage between two apartments. Vitrttv. 1. 6. c. 10.

The word is fometimes alfo written Andra, Andron, and An- dronium-

Androna is alfo ufed, in ecclefiaftical writers, for that part in churches deflincd for the men. Anticntly it was the cuflom for the men and women to have feparate apartments in places of worfhip, where they performed their devotions afunder ; which method is ftill religioufly obferved in the Greek church.

The Avfym, or Androna, was in the fouthern fide of the church, and the women's apartment on the northern. Magri, Vocab. Ecclef. p. 16.

ANDRONION, in phytic, the name of a paftil, invented by an antient phyfician named Andro, faid to have been of great efficacy againft the carbuncle and herpes. Vid. Mgin. 1. 4. c. 20. & 25. Gorr. & CajL in voc.

Its ingredients, according to /Egineta's prefcription* are the fquames of copper, as ujlum, fal ammoniac^ alumen rotundum, fhavings of verdegreafc, and frankincenfe, all wrought up with wine. Celfus gives another recipe, and Aetius a third.

ANDROPHAGJ, among antient geographers, denotes man- caters.

Thefe arc more ufually called Anthropophagi. Herodotus " and Pomp. Mela b fpeak of a nation of Androphagi in Scythia.— [ a Herod. Hift. 1. 4. c. 106. b Pomp. Mela, de Sit. Orb. 1. 3. c. 7.]

ANDROSACE, in the Linniean fyftem of botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The cup is a fmail but general covering, containing many flowers, and compofed of many leaves. The perianthium of each fingle flower is of a fomewhat pentagonal form, compofed of one leaf, (lightly divided into five fegments, {landing erect, and remaining after the flower is fallen. The flower confifts of only one petal, in form of an oval tube, covered by the cup. The edge is divided into five oblong oval fegments, with no indentings at their extremities. The ftamina are five very fhort filaments {landing in the tube of the flower ; the anthers arc oblong and erect ; the germen of the piftillum is globofe ; the ftyle is flender, and very fhort ; and the fligma globofe. The fruit is a globofe capfule, placed on a flat cup, containing only one cell, and fpliting open in five places at its top. The feeds are very numerous, and fomewhat roundifh, but gibbofe on one fide, and flat on the other. Linnai, Gener. Plantarum, p. 62.

The characters of this genus, according to Mr. Tournefort, are thefe. The flower confifts of one leaf, and is of the faucer- fliape, very wide at the mouth, and divided into feveral feg- ments round the edge. The piftil perforates the middle of the flower, and afterwards changes into a globofe fruit, which is partly covered by the cup ; this opens at the point, and is filled with fmail feeds affixed to a placenta.

The fpecies of Androjace, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe.

1. The common, broad-leaved, annual Andro face. 2. The perennial, narrow-leaved, fmooth, alpine Androface. 3. The narrow-leaved, fmooth, perennial Androface, with a fingle flower of a fnow white. Vid. Tournef. Inft. p. 123. The Androfaces approach much to the nature of the auriculas, but differ in the ftructure of the flower. Androface is fo called, from its bringing relief to men, q. d. mfy aKo; (pi^aa-cc. It is apperitive, and good for the dropfy, for retention of urine, and for the gout. Vid. Lemery, Diet, des Drogues. ANDROS^MUM, tutfan, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The flower is of the rofaceous kind, confifting of feveral petals, difpofed in a circular form. The cup confifts alfo of many leaves, and from it there arifes a piftil, which finally becomes a moift oval fruit, unicapfular, and containing a number of fmail feeds af- fixed to a threefold placenta.

There is only one known fpecies of this genus, which is the tutfan, or park-leaves, called alfo ficiliana by feveral authors. Tournef. Inft. p. 251.

Androfmnum is fo called, from the colour of its juice, which refembles that of human blood. It is apperitive, vulnerary, refolutive, good for the {tone, to kill worms, to refift ma- lignity, and guard againft madnefs ; and is ufed either exter- nally or internally. Vid. Le?ncry, Diet, des Drogues. ANDRUM, in phyfiology, a local difcafe, epidemical among the people of Malabar, being a peculiar fpecies of hydrocele, or watery tumor of the fcrotum.

The Andrum, in the language of the country, is alfo called perical-y fometimes paraphraftically, Andu vjajaku, q. d. 2 popular water rupture.

Its