Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/157

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ANCTERES, In the antient medicine, feem to have been the fume, at leaft to have anfwered the fame ufes, as our fu- tures. See Suture, Cycl. and Suppl.

Some alfo fpeak of a ftrong kind of ilieking plaifler Under this denomination. Lang. Epift- Med. 1. i. Ep. 77. Caji. Lex. Med. p. 48.

ANCTERIASMUS, in medicine, the operation of applying a fibula to clofe the too patent lips of wounds, Gorr, Def. Med.

p. 2. in VOC. Aj*h»?***

This is alfo called, by Latin writers, infxbulatio.

AncteriasMCs is more particularly ufed to denote the pafling a fibula through the prepuce of the antient flage-players and buffoons. Rolfink, de Paitib- Genit. P. 1. c. 50.

ANCUBI I'US, among antient phyficians, denotes a difeafe of the eyes, wherein there is an appearance of fand, or little ffcones fprinklcd on them. Job. Anglic. Rof. Aug. p. 867, Cajl. Lex. Med. in voc. This is otherwife called petrification.

ANCYLOGLOSsUM, in medicine, is where the frasnum extends to the tip of the tongue, and thus contracts, or bends it downwards.

The name is derived from «yxi;M^, crooked j and yT-.utro-x, tongue.

The AncyUgloJfum is, by fome, alfo called Ancylion, AyaiAto* ; and thofe airlifted with it Ancylogfojfi, Ayxv^oyfao-c-oi, by fome mogilalia ^y^a-w^. Vid. Act. 1. 8. c. 36. Ancyloglojjitm is either natural, *'. e. born with the Infant, or accidental, occafioned uftially by fome ulcer under the tongue, which leaves behind it a hardnefs, or efehar. It is the com- mon opinion of midwives, that none are born without this In- firmity ; and hence one of the nrfl things after a birth is, to cut the firing of the infant's tongue. Vid. Cajl. Lex. Med. in voc. See alfo Hiklan. obferv. 28. cent. 3. Bartbol. Anat. L 3. c. 13. JEgin \. 6. c. 29.

The effect of the Ancyloglsffum is not only to hinder the ufe of fpeech, but in children it alfo difables them from fucking. The cure is performed by a careful fection of the frxnum, fo as not to hurt the nerves, or other veifels. This operation is never to be performed, where the infant is able to thruft its tongue fbatght out of the mouth. Fabricius ab Aquapendente complains fcverely on the offi- cioufnefs of midwives, who, without ever examining the con- dition of the fraenum, praftife the operation promifcuouuy on all infants, from an opinion, that without it the child would never be able to fpeak. But, according to this author, there is fcarce one child in 100,000 in whom this ligament needs any cutting at all. Operat. Chirurg. P. 1. c. 36. In fome parts of Italy the midwives nourifli a long nail on their right thumb, which is fafhioned after the manner of a knife's point, wherewith, as foon as the child is born, they cut the ligament. In other places, from a vain opinion that there is fomething malignant in the nail, the operation is per- formed with the edge of a piece of money. Vid. Hoffman^ in Galen de uf. Part. 1. n. n. 805. Columb. 1. 3. c. 3. It. 1. 5. c. 13. Jejftn. Inftit. Chir. c. 2. Sennert. Prax; de Infant. Curat. P. 2. c. 15. See alfo Franc. Satyr. 20* de Incifa Fnenifublingua, §. 8.

The operation is painful to the infant, and is fomctimes fol- lowed by inflammations, and even death itfeJf. Burggr. Lex. Med. in voc. See Ancyloglossus, Cycl.

ANDABATiE {Cycl.)— Some fay the Andabatcs fought in the dark, or late at night, after the circenfia were over. There were two men in the chariot, viz. the driver, or auriga, and the 7rag«/2aW, who was alfo called wiaffefint, q. d. adfeenfor, or mounter ; whence, by corruption, the Latins formed their Andabata, Turneb. Adverf. f. 19. c. 8. It has been difputed among critics, whether the Andabatcs were a people'who actually fought blindfold, in their wars, or a fet of combatants who only pra&ifed this method of fighting for exercife fake. Vid. Aquin. & Pitifc. in voc.

ANDELANGA, in middle age writers, occurs as part of the formula of divers donations.

In this fenfe, we meet with donare per Andelangam &f feftu- cam, venders y traders per Andciangam y &c. Some will have the term properly to denote what we call an andiron ; others a long fraff, or rod, which it is known was much ufed in the putting into pofTeflion. Spelm. & Du Cange, in voc. The word is fometimes alfo written Andelangm^ Andclago, Andilago^ Andalagits^ &c

ANDENA, in antient writers, denotes a fwath in mowing. The word is tikewife ufed to fignify as much ground as a man can ftride over at once.

ANDEREN^E/.?/, in natural hiftory, a name given, by many of the old writers, to the nitre of the antienrs, or natrum. Some have, fince their time, applied it to our common nitre ; and it has been wondered at, that the accounts do not agree with the fubftance. But it is to be obferved, that the nitre, or natrum, of the antients is a fixed fait, approaching to the nature of potafh, and not at all inflammable with fulphur, as our nitre is. It is therefore no wonder if the things related of the one mould not be found to agree with the other.

AND1RIAR, in botany, the name by which Rhafcs and fome others exprefs t'acfabago. Ger. Eaiac. Ind. 2. SccFabaco. So'ppi*. Vol. I.

AND

ANDORINHA, in zoology; a name by which the Portuguefe in the Braffls call the Brahhan fwallow, more ufually knowrt by its Brahhan name tapera. See Taper A

ANDRACHNE, in botany, the name of a'gtniis of plants; called by loumefort, and fome others, telcphioides The charaflers are thefe. It produces feparate, male and female flowers, on the fame plant. The male flowers have an ex- tremely large five-leaved cup, which withers very quickly i he corolla confifts of five flender and fliort petals, which have each a thin rim or edge round them. The neaarium conhfts of five greenifh leaves, one affixed to each of the pe- tals ; thefe are fmaller than the petals, and are lightly divided Blto two fegments at the rim. The ftamina are five fmall filaments, inferred into the bafe of a fort of ftyle. The an- thers are ample. In the female flowers, the cup is Cotnpofed of five eaves, and is very large, and does not fall off. The corolla has no petals, but has a nectarium of the fame fhape with that of the male. The germen of the piftil is globofe. I here are three capillary ftyles, flightiy divided into two at the ends, and terminated by globofe ftigmata. The fruit is a trilobate capfule, approaching to a globofe figure. The cells are bivalve, and arc of the fize of the cup. The feeds are two m each cell ; they are round on one fide, and angular on the other, and approach fomewhat to a trigonal form. Vid. Luwm, Gener. Plant, p. 455. Teurnrf. Inft. p. 365.

Andrachne is alfo a name given, by the antients, fometimes to a tree of the arbutus, or ftrawberry-tree kind, and fome- times to the herb porcelain. Pliny attempts to diftinguifh the two fubjects, by changing the letter (») into an (/) in one of them, writing the tree Andrachne, and the herb An- drachle. But this is not jufh'Sable, for the Greeks wrote it indifferently either way, as they liked, the changing the letter 11 '1 'r ^ t ' e " lg ""J ccmmon ' tllus mtrum was fometimes called litrum, Mle„; and the not perceiving this has occafioned the error in many authors* of calling the aphranitron and aphroldron of Diofcoridcs, and the antient Greeks, two diffe- rent fubftances. See Aphrositiom.

Some have doubted whether the word Andrachne was ever ufed by the Greeks, as the name of the herb purcclain ; but there is no queftion to be made of this; if the virtues and the defcriptiofis they give of the figure of the plant are attended to Macer gives us, in two lines, both thefe names ; and the later Latin one of Cluck-foot, pulli pes ; whence the French name is borrowed, they calling this plant pourpitr quaft poulpkd; The words of Macer are thefe :

Andrachne Gr&cis, quiS Pertvlaca Lairnis Dicitur, bate vulgt Pes Pulli mare vacatur. Some of the later Latin writers have alfo called it poreahj and fome of the later Greeks have called it cairebctanon. See

PORTULACA.

ANDRAPODISMUS, AjfytoO'isp*, in antient writers, the felling of perfons for flaves. Suid. Lex. in voc. A,Si*i, a S>&. Hence alfo Andrapcdijles, AiSfaira&rWj a dealer in flaves, more particularly a kidnapper, who fteals men or children, to fell them ; a crime the Theffalians were noted for.

ANDRAPODOCAPELI, A,J e « m »««»,».,, in antiquity; a kind of dealers in flaves. The Andropochcapeli had a particular pro- cefs for taking off moles, and the like disfigurements on the faces of the flaves they kept for fate, by rubbing them with bran. Suid. Lex. in voc.

At Athens feveral places in the forum were appointed for the fale of flaves. Upon the firft day of every month, the mer- chants called AtSg*m3au*Ktto\ brought them into the market,- and expofed them to fale* the crier (landing upon a ftone erected for that purpbfe called the people together^ Potter^ Archaeol. Graec. 1.1. c. 10.

ANDRIA, Awena, in antiquity, a name given by the Cretans to the public entertainments, at which whole cities, tribes, or other bodies of men were prefent.

What the Cretans called Andria, the Spartans termed p.-iMta, at lead: of later ages ; for originally they appear to have made ufe of the Cretan name. Potter, Archied. Grzec. 1. 4. c. 17.

The hall, or place of eating, where thefe entertainments were held, was denominated Andrion^ A^iiov, in the uppermoft part of which was a conffant table let apart for ffrangers. Id. ib. c. 21.

Andria is alfo ufed by fome naturaliffs, to denote a fpecies of hermaphrodite wherein the female fex has the predominancy. Vater. Phyf. Exper. Seit. 4. c. 5. q. 7. Bonet. Med. Septent. 1. 3. Sec. 32. c. 4. Cajl. Lex. Med. in voc.

Andria, in literary hiftory, denotes a comedy of Terence, the firft in order, in the ufual editions. We have Englifh tranflations of the Andria by Webb, and Echard ; French, by Des Periers and Dacier ; and Italian, by Juftiniani, £sV. Fabric. Bibl. Lat. 1. 1. c. 3. p. 32.

ANDROAS, in natural hiftoty, a name given by fome of the antients to the foffile more ufually called Andradamas. See Androdamas.

ANDRODAMAS, in natural hiftory, the name of a ftone, or

foffil body mentioned by the antients, as ufed bv the magi on

many occafions. The defcription Pliny gives of it is, that it

2 Q_ was