Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/156

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tube, of the length of the cup, flightly divided into five feg- mcnts at the edge, fomewhat erect, fpread open, and obtule. The opening of it is covered with little fcales which are con- vex, prominent, oblong, and converge toward one another ; The ftamina are five very fhort filaments, plac'd in the mouth of the flowers. The anthcne arc oblong, plac'd on the ftamina, and cover'd. The piftillum has fourgermina; the ftyle is flender, and of the fame length with the ftamina ; the ftigma is obtufe, and has a rim round its edge. The cup remains, to fupply the place of a fruit, containing in its bot- tom four longifh, obtufe, and gibbofe feeds. Linneei, Ge- nera plantarum, p. 57.

The roots of the feveral kinds of Alkanet are by fome fup- pofed to be great vulneraries. There is a prefcription in many of the German authors, of a tincture drawn from the cortical part of them with petroleum, which has great praife as a remedy for punctures and all recent wounds.

ANKYLOBLEPHARON, in phyfic, a diftemperature of the eye-lids, wherein they fometimes cohere to each other, and fometimes to the globe of the eye itfeif. This is eafily difttnguifhablc from the flight glewing up of the eye-lids from the fmall-pox, or other the like caufes. This diforder is fometimes brought with an infant into the world, fometimes it comes upon adults by a flefhy excrefcence from the angles of the eyes, and fometimes it happens from accidents, as blow- ing up of gun-powder, and the like. This is always dange- rous, and difficult of cure, but moft fo when the eye-lids grow to the cornea. They are to be divided by a blunt pointed pair of fciflars, and when feparated from each other, it rauft be tryed whether they adhere to the eye ; if they do, they muft be feparated with great caution with a blunt point- ed fcalpel ; hut there is here great danger of injuring the fight j when feparated, they mult be kept from touching one another, to prevent their cohering again, by lint, or a plate of lead. Hfijier's Surgery, p. 370.

ANCHYLOPS, in medicine. See Anchilops.

ANCHYLOSIS, in phyfic, is, when a juncture or articulation becomes immoveable.

Ancbylofis bears an affinity to contractures, fhrinkings, or witherings of the parts.

This fymptom fometimes happens in fractures near the joints, where the nutritious juice oozes into the cavities thereof.

1 his difeafe, when once formed, is incurable, but while yet frefh, is fometimes removed by motion* frictien, and the ufe of difcuticnt medicines. Junck. Confp. Chir. Tab. 62. p. 414.

ANTIENT Mufic, that in ufe among the antient Greeks and Romans. About the year 1024, Guido Aretine invented, or at leail revived mufic in parts, which may with propriety ■be -called ant'iquo-moderna \ modern with refpect to the Greeks, and antient with regard to us. See Music.

ANCLABRIS, in the religion of the antient Romans, denoted a table in temples, whereon the pr Lefts eat their portion of the facrifices and oblations. Struv. Antiq. Rom. c. 11. Pi- t/'fc; Lex. Antiq. in voc.

ANCLE luxated, in furgery. — The Ancle is fubject to be luxated, either in running, in jumping, or even in walking ; and that in all four directions, either inward or outward, back- ward or forward. When the Ancle is luxated inward, the bottom of the foot is turned outward ; and on the contrary, when it is luxated dutward, the bottom of the foot is turned inward, which latter cafe is indeed much more frequent than the others. If it is diflocated forward, the heel becomes fhorter, and the foot longer than it mould be ; and if back- ward, the contrary figns to thefe will appear. The Ancle however can fcarce poffibly be luxated outwards, unlefs the fibula be feparated from the tibia, or elfe quite broken, which may happen to the external Ancle ; nor is it at all uncommon for a luxation of the Ancle to be attended with very grievous fyrnptoms, efpecially when occafion'd by fome great exernal violence ; nor can it indeed well happen other- wife in this cafe, fmce the diftort'ion of the foot muff: necef- farily overffrain the adjacent tendons, ligaments, and nerves, and thence excite very violent pains, and other bad fymp- . toms ; or the veins and arteries may alfo be very eafily la- cerated, which will occafion a large qxtravafation of blood about the whole foot, which too often gives rife to a gan- . grene.

. It is however neceflary to obferve, that the Ancle is not al- ways luxated, after it has been violently ftrained by leaping or turning the foot on one fide ; for it fometimes happens, that the Ancle is not diflocated on thefe occafions, but only the parts are violently contufed and ftrained. The Ancle, when truly luxated, is more or lefs difficult to be reduced, according to the violence of the force by which the accident was occafioned. The moft ready way, however, of reducing a luxation of the Ancle, is, to place the patient upon a bed, feat, or table, leting the leg and foot be extended in oppofite directions by two afliftants, while the furgeon replaces the bones with his hands and fingers in their proper fituation. When the foot is by this means reftored to its proper posi- tion, it is to he well bathed with oxycrate and fait, and then carefully bound up with a proper bandage. The patient mult be enjoined to keep his bed for a coniiderable time, till

the bad fyrnptoms are gone, and the Ancle has recovered" its ftrength fo far, as to bear the weight of the body, without any uneafinefs or danger. Heijler, Surg. p. 173. We have an account of the menfes regularly evacuated at an ulcer of the Ande i in the Medic. Eff. Edinb. Vol 3, art. 29.

ANCON {Cycl.) is ufed in the antient architecture, to denote the two parts or branches of a fquare, which meet in an angle refembling the letter L. Vitruv. 1. 3. c. ult,

Ancon is alfo ufed by Vitruvius, to denote a kind of menfulte, or tables before doors, bent fomewhat after the manner of volutes, fo as to refemble the letter S. Id. 1. 4. c. 6. In this fenfe Ancones amount to the fame with what the Greeks call «§o9u£i&s, Prathyrides. Fabr. Thef. in voc. Ancon.

Ancon is particularly applied, in the antient architecture, to the brackets, or fhouldering pieces, called confoles by the mo- derns. Neve, Build. Diet. See Console, Cycl.

Ancon was alfo ufed by the Carthaginians, to denote a dark prifon or dungeon. Suidas mentions one of this kind, in which Gelimer ufed to put all who difpleafed him; from which Bellifarius delivered many merchants of the Eaft, whom the tyrant intended to put to death. Suid. Lex. in voc. Ayxm.

Ancon is alfo applied to the angles or flexures of rivers; fome- times alfo to the tops of mountains. Id. ibid.

ANCONEUS Externus, (Cycl.) in anatomy, a long mufcle, lying on the outer part of the hackfide of the os humeri, from its neck to the external condyle. It is fixed above in the neek of the os humeri, under the inferior furface of the great tuberofity, and under the infertion of the teres minor, but a little more backward. It runs down by the Anconeus major, adhering firmly to the bone, except at that oblique depreffion, on account of which this bone appears contorted ; it is likewife fixed by fome oblique fibres in the external intermufcular ligament. From all this fpace the mufcular fibres contract in breadth, being joined more or lefs obliquely to the outer edge of the tendon of the Anconeus major, all the way to the olecranum. The ter- mination of thefe two mufcles in the common tendon forms a very acute angle, and reprefertfs a fort of penniform mufcle. fVinjlozu's Anatomy, p. 188.

Anconeus intemus, a mufcle fhorter, and more flefhy than the anconesm externus, and lying towards the inner part of the lower half of the os humeri. It is fixed above, under the lower extremity of the teres major, but a little more backward, and to the intermufcular ligament, which makes a kind of feptum between this and the brachiseus; from thence the fibres contracting in breadth, pafs towards the tendon of the Anconeus major, fome of them running in between if and the bone, and are inferted in the edge and inner fide of that tendon. IFinJlozu. ibid.

Anconeus ma/Vr, a long flefh-y mufcle lying on the back- fide of the os humeri. It is fixed above by a fhort tendon to the inferior imprefiion in the neck of the fcapula, and to a fmall part of the inferior cofta of that bone ; from thence it panes between the extremities of the fubfcapularts and teres minor; and having reached the backfide of the lower extremity of the os humeri, it ends obliquely in a ftxong broad tendon, which adhering clofely to the fcupular ligament, is afterwards fixed by a broad infertion in the rough tube- rofity on the upper fide of the olecranum. It lies between the two lateral Anconai, and by its adhefion to them, a triceps mufcle is formed, of which this is the middle portion. Thefe three are all very properly called Anconm, becaufe of their infertion in the olecranum. Win/low's Anatomy, p. 187.

Anconeus minor, a fmall mufcle obliquely triangular, lyingin the oblong fofliila on the outfide of the olecranum. It is fixed by a fhort but pretty ffrong tendon in the lower part of the exter- nal condyle of the os humeri ; from thence the flefhy fibres run down obliquely in a fomewhat radiated form, and are inferted in the bottom, and whole pofterior edge of the foflula. It is clofely united to, and in fome fubjects feems to communicate by feveral fibres with the ulnaris externus, and its tendon adheres very ftrongly to that of the Anconeus externus. Some anatomifts having confounded this mufcle with the ulnaris externus, and railing them together, have afterwards looked in vain for the Anconeus ?ninor. It is how- ever plainly diftinguifhed from the other, by a fatty or cellu- louslinc. l¥injJovj\ Anatomy, p. 188.

ANCONY, (Cycl.) in the iron- works, a piece of half-wrought iron, of about three quarters of a hundred weight, and of the fhape of a bar in the middle, but rude and unwrought at the ends.

The procefs for bringing the iron to this flare is this : they firft melt off" a piece from a fow of caft iron, of the pro- per fize ; this they firft hammer at the forge into a mafs of two feet long, and of a fquare fhape, which they call a hloom ; when this is done, they fend it to the finery, where, after two or three heats and workings, they bring it to this figure, and call it an Antony. The middle part beat out at the finery is about three feet long, and of the fhape and thicknefs the whole is to be ; this is then fent to the chafery, and there the ends are wrought to the fhape of the middle, and the whole made into a bar. Sec Bar.

ANC-