Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/154

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fclfo by Ruyfch', who by a peculiar method of injection has produced divers fkeletons or fyftems of veffels of fruits, leaves, and the like. Something of the fame kind has alfo been done by Thummigius '. — [p Anatome Plantarum, Lond. 1675. Fol. An extrafl of it is given in Philof. Tranf. N°. 118. p. 401- fcq. Anatome Plantarum pars altera, Lond. 1679. See an ac- count of it in Hook, Philof. Coll. N". 1. p. 38. ' The Ana- tomy of Plants, with an idea of a philofophical hiftory of plants, SV. Lond. 1682. Fo!. ' Adverfar. Anat. Dec. 3. c. 2. 5 Experim. Singul. de Arboribus ex folio educatis. Halts, 1721.]

Some pretend to make F. Fabri the father of this fcience ; and alledge that Malpighi took many of his difcoveries from him '. Dr. Highmore in his book of generation, Dr. Sharrock on the propagation of plants, and Dr. Hook in his microgra- phia, have alio given fome obfervations tending this way, tho' only collaterally « — [• J our. d es Scav. T. 3+. p. 885. " Grew, lib. cit. in Pref]

ANATRIPS1S, in the antient medicine, denotes friclion. The word is fometimes alfo written fimply trip/is. Gerr. Def. Med. p. 35. "

ANA TRON (CyJ.) is ofacineritious colour, and bitter tafte, ap- proaching to fal ammoniac.

It is the produce of a huge lake, on the furface of which it is gathered, in form of a fcum. Boerh. New Meth. Chem. P. 2. p. log.

The Anatron fkimmed from glafs fufion is the fame with what others call fel vitri, or gall of glafs. Vid. Ca/l. Lex. Med. Savar. Diet. Comm. Teichmey. Inft. Chem. c. 18. p. 235.

Anatron is alfo ufed for the terra faracenica ; of which t'here. are feveral kinds, black, red, and blue. Cajl. Lex. Med? in voc. Anatron.

ANAUDIA, among naturalifts, denotes dumbnefs, or a want of the ufe of fpeech.

Anaudia is, by fome, made to differ from aphonia, as the former is owing to a defefi of the nerves of the tongue, the latter to that of the nerves of the larynx. Ephem. Acad. N. C. Dec. 2. an. 10. app. p. go. Infants and mutes are Anaudi, mania, not apboni, •?«>».

ANAUMACHION, in antiquity, the crime of refufing to ferve in the fleet.— The punifhment affigned for this offence was infamy. Potter, Archaml. 1. 1. p. 23.

ANAX, *»£, in anlient writers, denotes a hero, or a god. The word feems formed of the Hebrew, anacim, or enacim, which fignifies the fame.

Some will have it originally to import gyants, called alfo Wimt, earth-born. Cicero allures us, that the three eldeft Ions of Jupiter, called A,o raa? „ ; were alfo denominated anaces. Thomaf. Meth. Etud. Poet. P. 1. 1. 2. c. 15. n. 4.

ANAXAGORIA, Arefiyogug, in antiquity, a feftival obferved in honour of Anaxagoras.

The occafion of its being inffituted was this, Anaxagoras dying at Lampfacus, the magiftrates of that city afked him, whether he defired any thing to be done for him ? He re- plied, that on the anniverfary of his death the boys mould have leave to play. This cuftom was obferved in the time of Diogenes Laertius.

ANAXIMANDRIANS, a name given, by fome writers, to the followers of Anaximander.

Thefe are otherwife denominated HyhpathU, and ftand op- pofed to the Atomifts. Cuiworth, IntelleS. Syft. c. 5. Sect. 3. Bibl. Choif. T. 2. p. 54, 61. It. T. 8. p. 29. feq. i he Anaximandnans make the moft antient feet of philofo- phical afheifls : they allow of nothing in nature but bodies. a ™,J°<"<:s the y a( frrt, admit of qualities, which produce

axtditd 0y0ne matha ;n a circle without beginning or end.

AJNBERTKEND, in the eaftern learning, a celebrated book of the Brachmans, wherein die Indian philofophy and re- ligion arc contained. D' Herb el. Bibl. Orient, p. 1 14. 1 he word in its literal fenfe, denotes the ciftern wherein is the water of life.

The Axiertimd is divided into fifty Beths, or difcourfes, each of which conlilts of ten chapters.

It has been tranflated from the original Indian into Arabic, under the title of Moral al Maani, q. d. the marrow of in- telligence.

ANBURY, in farriery. SeeAMBURY.

ANCA, in middle ag'e writers, denotes the thigh or hind leg. in which fenfe the word is alfo written Anns. Kenn. GloiT ad Paroch. Antiq. in voc.

ANCESTORS [Cycl. )— Mod nations have paid honours to their Ancejlors.

It was properly the departed fouls of their fore-fathers that the Romans worfhiped under the denominations of Lares, Lemures and houfhcld-gods. Mem. Acad. Infcript. T. 2. p. 41. and 479.

Hence the antient tombs were a kind of temples, or rather altars •whereon oblations were made by the kindred of thedeceafed. 1 fie Ruffians have {till their anniverfary feafls in memory of

■ ma-AnceJfors, which theycall Roditeli Sabot, q. d. kinsfolk's

, fabbath, wnerem they make formal vifits to the dead in their graves, and carry them provifions, eatables, and prefents of divers otner kinds. Tbeymterrogatetbemwith loud lamentable cries what they arc doing > How they fpend their time I What

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it is they want, and the like ? New Mem. of Liter. T. t» ?■ 372.

The Quojas, a people of Africa, offer facrifices of rice and wine to their Ancejlors, before ever they undertake any con- siderable action. The anniverfaries of their deaths are always kept by their families with great folcmnity. The king in- vokes the foul of his father and mother to make trade flourifh, and the chafe fucceed.

I heChinefefeem tohavediftinguifhed themfelves above all other nations in theveneration theybear their Ancejhrs. By the laws of Confucius, part of the duty which children owe their parents, confifts in worfhipping them when dead. This fervice which makes a confiderable part of the natural religion of the Chi- nefe, is faid to have been inftituted by the emperor Kun, the fifth in order from the foundation of that antient empire. Bibl. Univ. T. 7. p. 395. and 401.

The Chinefe have both a folemn and an ordinary worfhip which they pay their Ancejlors. The former is held regu- larly twice a year, viz, fpring and autumn, with much pomp. A perfon who was prefejit at it gives the following account of the ceremonies on that occafion.

The facrifices were made in a chapel well adorned, where there were fix altars furnifhed with cenfers, tapers, and flowers. There were three minifters, and behind them two young Aco- lites ; he that officiated was an aged man and a new chri- ftian. The three former went with a profound filence, and fre- quent genuflexions towards the five altars, pouring out wine : afterwards they drew near to the fixth, and when they came to the foot of the altar, half bowed down, they faid their prayers with a low voice. That being finifhed, the three mi- nifters went to the altar, the prieft took up a veffel full of wine and drank, then he lifted up the head of a deer or goat ; after which taking fire from the altar, they lighted a bit of paper, and the minifter of the ceremonies turning towards the people, faid with a high voice, that he gave them thanks in the name of their Ancejlors for having fo well honoured them, and in recompence he promifed them, on their part, a plentiful harveft, a fruitful iflue, good health and long life, and all thofe advantages that are moft pleafing to men. All the Chinefe, pagans as well as chrifrians, give their Ancejlors another fimpler and more private worfhip. To this end they have in their houfes a niche or hollow place, where they put the names of their deceafed fathers, and make prayers, and offerings of perfumes and fpices to them at certain times, with bowing, &i; They do the like at their tombs. Works of Learn. T. 3. p. 22L Mem. deTrev. 1707. p. 1032. It has been a queftion warmly agitated of late years, whether the worfhip which the Chinefe pay their Ancejlors be religi- ous, or only of a civil nature. The Jefuits who not only allow their Neophytes or new converts to join in it, but even aflift in it themfelves, are neceflitated to maintain the latter, to fkreen themfelves from the charge of idolatry ; the Domini- cans and other miffionaries maintain the former, and prohibit the fervice as abfolutely unlawful.

The Jefuits argue, that with relation to the firft inftitution, thofe honours might be given to our Ancejlors, fmce at firft they appear to have been only civil ; even though they fhould fince, thro' the fuperfUtious difpofition of the people, have degenerated into idolatry. But it is anfwered, that by this ar- gument the moft grofs worfhip of idols might be authorized, becaufe all idolatry appears at firft only to have been civil worfhip, as is maintained in the book of wifdom. Chap. xiv. V. 15. Works of Learn. T. 3. p. 222. The Jews fettled in China are faid to worfhip their Ancejlors like the heathens, and with the fame ceremonies, except that they offer not fwines flefh. Near their fynagogue they have a hall, or court of Ancejlors, wherein are niches for Abra- ham, Ifaac, C3V. Lett. Edif. T. 7. p. 19* Mem. deTrev. 1707. p. 1032.

There is one peculiarity of another kind wherein the Chinefe fhew their regard for their Ancejlors, in proportion as any of their defcendants are preferred to a higher degree or dig- nity, their dead Ancejlors are at the fame time preferred and cnobled with them. The kings Fen, Fan, Feu, Fan, and Cheu,Cum, who were defcended from vaffal kings, when they mounted the imperial throne, raifed their Ancejlors from the vaflal or depending ftate wherein thefe had lived, to the dig- nity of emperors. So that the fame honours were for the future rendered them, as if they had been emperors of China. The fame example was followed by the fubfequent kings, and now obtains among the grandees and literati ; all now worfhip their Ancejlors, according to the rank which they them- felves hold in the world. If the fon be a mandarin, and the father only a doctor, the latter is buried as a doctor, but fa- crificed to as a mandarin. The like holds in degradations, where the condition of the fathers is that of their fons. Bibl. Univ. T. 7. p. 432. ANCHILOPS (Cycl.)— Stridly fpeaking the ^W ? ;/^; ,' s only a tumor not yet exulcerated, nor is the tumor always within the facens lacrymalis, but fometimes only near it. Junck, Confp. Chir. Tab. 45.

If the Anchllups be fuffered to go too long, or be unfkilfully managed,_ it degenerates, the fhgnating humours corrupt, and an ulcer is produced.

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