Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/143

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of the wings is green, but that their extremities are blutifh. Its thighs are covered with green feathers, and its legs and feet are grey. Margrave, Hift. Brafil. ANACALYPTER1A, [CycL) according to Suidas, were pre- fents made to the bride by her hufoand's relations, and friends when me firft uncovered her face and {hewed herfelf to men. Suid. Lex T. r. p. 165. See alfo Spanheim ad Callim. p. 180.

Thefeprcfents were alfo called wzv^ma ; foramong the Greeks, virgins before marriage were under ftrict confinement, being rarely permitted to appear in public, or converfe with the other fex ; and when allowed that liberty, wore a veil over their faces, termed KwAuttI^ov, or Kw^ywl^a, which was not left off in the prefence of men till the third day after mar- riage, whence, according to Hefychius this day was alfo called Anacalypterion. Pott. Archreol. 1. 4, c, 1 1. p. 294. feq. ANACAMFSEROS, Orpin, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the flowers and feeds of which are wholly the fame with thofe of fedum ; but, the plants of this genus from their firft ftiooting from feed immediately run up into ftalks, whereas the others form firft globular tufts of leaves, from which the ftalks are afterwards propagated, The fpecies of Orpin enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe.

I. The common Orpin. 2. The purple flowered Orpin. 3. The fmaller purple flowered Orpin. 4. The largeft broad leaved Orpin. 5. The fmall round leaved ever-green Orpin. 6. The fmall long leaved ever-green Orpin. 7. The fweet rooted Orpin, called Rbodia radix, and rofewort. 8. The fmaller fweet rooted Orpin, or rofe-roor. 9. The largeft bloody Portugal Orpin. 10. The largeft Portugal Orpin, with white flowers. 11. The purfelaiti leaved Orpin. 12. The purple flowered Orpin, with few leaves on the ftalks, and 13. The fmall procumbent white flowered Orpin. Tourn. Inft. p. 264. See Orpin. ANACAMPTERIA, Ar*«^WI«f»a, in ecclefiaftic antiquity, denote little hofpitals, or inns for the entertainment of the poor and ftrangers, built adjoining to the antient churches. The Anacampteria are mentioned in the Theodofian code. Muf- culus renders the word by Dcambulatorii recejfus, taking them we prefume for walks about the church. But Valefius more properly tranflates it by Diverforia. Bingham, takes them for the Cellules, or little cells or lodgings, fpoken of in the forefaid law of the Theodofian code. Perhaps they might alfo ferve as lodgings for fuch as fled to take fanctuary in the church. For thefe might neither eat nor drink within the church, but only in fome of thefe outward buildings, which upon that account were made as fafe a retreat as the . very altar itfelf. B'tngh. Orig. Ecclef. 1. 8. c. 7. §. r 3. ANACANDAIA, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of ferpent found in the ifland of Ceylon, and very mifchievous among the cattle, whence it is called Bubalinus, Ray* Syn, An. p. 332. See Bubalinus. ANACARDIUM, in botany, a medicinal fruit brought from the Eaft Indies, antiently in great efteem as a cephalic. The word is formed of the Greek »ws and xa,^a, heart, on account of the figure of this fruit, which bears fome refem- Wance to a heart.

The Anacardium is alfo known among the Arabs by the ap- pellation Balador, among the Indians by that of Bybo. The Portuguefe denominate it Fava de Malaqua, the Molucca bean, by which title it is alfo known in England as bearing fome refemblance in figure to our bean, though as to mag- nitude bigger. Some call it the Elephant's loufe ; in the {hops, it is particularly diftinguiftied by the name Anacardium erientak, by way of contradistinction from another fruit called eccidentale. Garc. ab Hort. Hift. Arom. c. 30. Matthiol. in Diofcor. c.14). Burggr. Lex. Med. in voc. SeeMoLUCCA. As to the fpecies of the tree, and the country where it is produced, botanifts give very uncertain, and contradictory ac- counts. Some will have it the growth of Bantam, others of Malabar.

The Anacardium is a flattifti feed ufually compared to the heart of a litte bird, blackifh and fhining, which under a double rind enclofes a white fweetifh kernel. The pith or medullary part of the Anacardium is extremely pungent, and acrimonious ; whence the antients made great , ufe of it in cold difeafes of the head, particularly to ftrcngthen the memory ; but the abufe of it fometimes turning them ftupid, delirious, or even mad, the moderns rarely venture on the ufe of it, at leaft not without great correctives. Voter, Phyf. Exper. app. c. 3. It. 4,

The preparations made from Anacardium are, an electuary or confection, and a honey.

The method of preparing Anacardium is by fteeping them in vinegar, and then (lowly drying them again by evaporation, or even making an extract of them with the vinegar in them. TiWelf. Pharmac. Auguft. ClafT. 20. p. 407. The confection of Anacardiums, confcStio Anacardina, is pre- pared two different ways, agreebly to the different prefcrip- jons of Mefue and Zwelfer. ^

The ingredients, according to the former, befides prepared Anacardiums, are mirobalans, pepper, caftorium, refined fu- gar, laurel- berries, cyperus, coitus, and rocket.

It is fbppofed to be of great virtue againft all cold difordeft of the abdomen, the brain, c9V. to purify the blood and fpirits, affift the fenfes, ftrengthen the memory and under- standing; whence it is called by Mefue CoxfcSiio Sapientmn. Zwelfer fubftitutcs another method of preparation, as both lefs difagreeable and more efficacious. The ingredients are aqua nwjorana, orange flowers and peel, prepared Anacar- dnuns, fugar, ambergreafe, citron feeds, ftyrax, laudanum, befides divers of the aromatic tribe, Ztudf. Pharmac. Reg. ClafT 14. p. 654.

Honey of Anacardium':, Mel Anacardinum, is made by grind- ing and boiling the fruit in water, till it yield a kind of mel- leous fubftanee of a dark ruddy colour, which fwimming on the water is to be fkinimcd off for ufe. Zwelf. Pharm. Aug.

Clafs.

1. p. 49.

Fuchfius gives a fomewhat different preparation ; according to him, the Anacardiums, after grinding are to be foaked feven days in water, and on the eighth boiled down to half the quantity, {trained through a linen cloth, the fseces dried, and when dry, boiled up with a due proportion of honey. The like viitues are aicribed to this as to the confection. But neither are to be ufed without fome precaution. A pro- per occafion of employing them is in palfies of the tongue. V". Semiert. Prax. Med. 1. r. P. 2. c. 5, Hoffm. de Medi- cam. OfEc. 1. 2. c. 162. fee. 50. Burgg. Lex. Med. in voc. Anacardium antarticum is ufed by fome for the Cajou-fruit. This is alfo called by others Anacardium occidentale, and is ordinarily ufed for the true, or eaftern kind. Savar. Diet. Coram. New Engl. Difpenf. p. 117. See Cajou*. ANACATHARSIS, in medicine, properly denotes apurg«ion by (pitting. Cajlel, Lex. Med. in voc.

In this fenfe is the word ufed by Hyppocrates and Galen ; agree- ably alfo to this Blafius reftniins Anacatharfu to expectora- tion. Only Blancard, on what authority does not appear, extends anacathariic medieines to all thofe which work up- wards, by the glands of the he;id, whether vomitories, fternu- tatories, or mafticatorles. Blanc. Lex. Med. in voc. Anacatharsis is alfo a name given by civil lawyers to the Bafilicon repetita; prrcletfionis made by order of the empe- ror Conftantine Porphyrogenetus. Calv. Lex. Jur. p. 66. Fabric. Bibl. Grasc. 1. 6. c. 6. n. 12.

It was thus called as being a review or correction of the Ba- filicon. Anacatharsis, among divines, denotes the clearing up fome obfeure paflage, by a fpirttual, or anagogical interpretation. Suicer, Thef. T. 1. p. 274. feq. ANACEIA, A»m««, an Athenian feftival in honour of the Diofcuri.

It took its name from thofe deities, who were alfo called Avaxhi, and honoured with a temple called Aizxuw, Anacaum. The Sacrifices offered at that time were named Smepot, be- caufc thofe deities were |^oi, or ftrangers ; and confifted of three offerings, which were called T^ai. Athenseus men- tions plays acted in honour of thefe dciries. Aiben. Deipnof. Lib. 2. Fetter, Archsol. 1. 2. c. io- Vol. I. p. 366. ANACHORESLS, ArajcwgiKn?, denotes a withdrawing from fociety, or retiring into folitude. Du Conge, Gloff. Lat. T. 1. p. 178.

Anachorcfis is chiefly ufed in fpeaking of the retreat of the antient monks and folitsries into fome defolate place, for the fake of pennance, meditation and prayer. Suic. Thef. Ecclef. T. 1. p. 327. feq. Magr. Vocab. Ecclef. p. 15. The Anachorefis was not allowed to perfons, before they had fpent thirty years in the community. Ifid. de Ecclef. Off. 1. 2. c. 15. ANACHORET (Cyc!.)— When many of the habitations of Anachorets were placed together in the fame wildernefs, at fome diftance from one another, they were all called by one common name, Laura, which, as Evagrius informs us, dif- fered from a C&nobimn, or convent, in that a Laura was many cells divided from each other, where every monk pro- vided for himfelf, but a Cambium was but one habitation, where the monks lived in fociety, and had all things in common.

Palladius and Cyril have written the lives of the antient Ana- chorets. V. Fabric. Bibl.Graec. 1. 5. 32. and 41. Btngh. Orig. Ecclef. 1. 7. c. 2. §. 2.

The modern Greek Anachorets live three or four together, in a houfe dependent on the monaftery, of which they hire it' for life. They have their chapel, and after prayers ap- ply themfcives to the culture of their vineyards, olives, fig- trees, and the like, which afford them provifion for the year. Thefe Anachorets only differ from the conventual monks, in that they have lefs intercouife with the world, and live but in fmall bodies.

In fome parts of Greece, the monks or caloyers are divided into Anachorets, and afcetics, or hermits. Tournef. Voy. du Levant. Lett. 3. p. 41. ANACHORITA, in ecclefiaftical writers, a name fometimes given to the cells of reclufes. Du Conge, GlofT. Gr. T. 1. in voc.

By the antient canons, no Anachorita could be erected with- out eonfent of the bifhop.

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