Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/142

 ANA

ANA

Mr. Richards % Mr. Nys b, Dr. Clark % and others have wrote exprefsly againft Amynior.- — [* Canon of the N. Teft. vindicated in anfwer to the Objcc. of J. T. in his Atnyntor,

Lond.

1701.

1 Hiftor. Ace 1, and defence of the Canon ot

N. T. in Anf. to Amyntor, Lond. 1700. 8°. c Some re- flections on that part of Amyntor, which relates to the writings of the primitive fathers, &c. Lond. 1699. 8°. AMYRALDISM, a name given by fome writers to the doc- trine of univerfal grace, as explained and afFcrted by Amyral- dus, and others his followers among the reformed in France. Jeeger. Hift. Ecclef. T. 1. Nouv.^Rep. lett. T. 48. p. 544. and 549. Pfoff- Primit. Tubing, P. 1. p. 116. Ejufd. Difcurf. dc Formal. Confenf. Helvet, Ejufd. Introd. Hift. Theol. Liter. 1 3. fee. 8. p. 254.

Amyraldifm is faid to have been a fyftem worked up, to bring on a reconciliation with the Lutherans. At bottom it hardly differs from the genuine fentiments of Calvin. J&ger- l° c - cit p. 563.

Mofes Amyraldus, in French Amyraiit, was a celebrated pro- feflor of theology at Saumur, towards the middle of the ieven- teenth century. He chiefly followed Cameron's fyftem, in explaining the myfteries of grace and redemption, His anta- gonifts, of whom Du Moulin was one of the chief, charged him with running counter to the fynod of Dort, and favour- ing Arminianifm.

Among the efpoufers of Amyraldifm, one of the chief was M. Daille. A formal accufation was brought againft Amy- raut in the national fynod of Alencon; but after hearing him, he was acquitted with honour ; and filence impofed upon both parties, which however was but ill obferved by either. Suppl, Merer. Diet. Hift. T. 1. p. 127. feq. AMYRBERIS, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors to exprefs the barberry tree. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2. See the ar- ticle Barberry. AMZELL, in zoology, the name of a bird of the Merula, or black-bird kind, of which there are two fpecies. The ring Amzell, or Merula torquata, and the Manila moyiiana, called fimply the Amzell.

The ring Amzell is a little larger than the common black- bird. Its back is of a dufky blackiih brown, and its throat and breaft are beautifully variegated with fpots and ftreaks of white, and the lower part of the throat is adorned with a fine broad white ring, whence the bird has its name. : this ring is of a lunated fhape, the points ending at the fides of the neck. The wings and tail are blackifh, but are fome what variegated with white in the female ; the white looks grcyifh. The female is faid alfo by fome not to have the ring round its neck, and has by that means been miftaken for the Merula montana, or common Amzell. This feeds on infects and on berries. It is common about the Peak in Derbyshire, and is there called the rock Owzcll. Ray, Ornitholog. p. 143. The common Amzell, or Merula montana, differs from this, in that it has no ring round the throat, which is variegated with a brownifh red and with fpots of black, and the belly with grey and black fpots. It feems however not deter- mined certainly, whether this is any other than the female of the ring Amzell. Id. ibid. p. 144. ANA (Gycl t ) is ufed among fome occult philofophers to denote the human mind. Hence, according to fome, is derived the word Anafapta, a Dasmon invoked to the affiftance of a fick perfon. Cafl. Lex. Med. p. 42. ANABAPTISTS (C^/.)— It is faid Anahaptijls hold it unlaw- ful to bear arms, and decline all offices in government. They conftantly make ufe of dipping. Some fcruple the lawfulness of paying tythes, and fome obferve the Jewish fabbath'. But thefe do not fo properly come under the denomination of Anabap- tijls as of Sabbatarians, Quakers, Muggietonians, Sec. Cham- berl. Pref. Stat. P. 1. 1. 3. p. 163.

Notwithstanding the feverity of their morals, which is re- markably great a, fome zealous catholics, as Prateolus^ Mo- ' rery, and others, have not fcrupled to charge the AnabafiiJU with the moft abominable impurity, with renewing the practice of the Adamites, and enjoining their women to pro- flitute themfelves to every man who demanded it b. When aflced what would become of fociety, if every body refufed to be concerned in the adminiftration of government, their anfwer is : " No fear, while there are men to be fubjects, they will never want lords and matters to reign over them c ." [ a Bayl. Diet. T. 3. p. 300. b Id. T. 1. p. 204. n. (M.) c Id. T. 2. p. 555.

The Anabaptijls abound moft in Holland, where they are known by the name of Mennonites. They are divided into two principal fects or families, viz. the Apojlolici and Gale- nici. Carpzov. Introd. Libr. Bibl. T. 5. P. 1. c. 18. p. 326. Ottius, Spanheim, Schyn, Catrou, and others, have given the hiftory of the Anabaptljls ; Vandale, Gale, and others, de- fences of them ; Luther, Wigandus, Schelguigius, Ofiander, Cloppenburg Harder, d'AiEgny, &c. refutations of them. V. Budd. Ifag. ad Theol. 1. 2. c. 7. p. 1362. feq. Ouvr. des Scav. Sept. 1699. p. 378. Mem. de Trev. 1702. Octob. p. 214. Jour, des Scav. T. 35. p. 565. It. T. 41, p. 466. feq. Act. Emd. Lipf. 1704. p. 329. It. Supp. p. 85, Vandale, Hift. Baptifm. ap. Bibl. Choif. T. 9. p. 230, 232. Walafrid Strabo, who lived in the ninth century, and Ludo- vicus Vives, Salmafius, and other learned men of later times,

though not ranked among the Anabaptist, yet have owned, that infants were not baptized in the primitive church. Ne- vertheless psdobaptifm appears to have been in ufe in St. Cy- prian's time, who lived in the third century. Vandale main- tains, that it had its firft origin in that age ; that it was entire- ly unknown in the two. firft .centuries, and that the occafion or" its introduction was an opinion, which then got footing, of the necefTity of baptifm to falvation. — See what has been alledgL'd on the other hand by Or. Wall ; as well as the reply thereto by Dr. Gale. IValaf. Strab. de Reb. Ecclef. c. 26. Fives Not. ad Auguft. de Civit. Dei, c. 27. Bibl. Choi!'. T. o. p. 230. feq. Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 20. p. 6ic. See Bap- tism, Cyct, and Suppl. ANAB APTISM, among antient divines, denotes the repetition of baptifm, practiced on thofe who had been baptized bv he- retics. ViJ. Suic. Thef. Ecclef. T. 1. p. 238. feq. in voc. A:-*- Mifo and Aw&wtIwk. Du Gauge, Glofi'. Graec. T. 1.

p. 65. in VOC. AvstSawlifytv.

The antient Anabaptifm, afFcrted by the Donatifts, the Mon- tanifts, &c. took its rife from the notion of the necefTity of baptifm to falvaticn. It began in the age of TertulHan, JUid lalled, at leaft in Africa, till the time of St. Cyprian. See Do-

NATIST, MONTANIST, &C. Cyd.

Anabaptism is alfo applied, among modern writers, to the principles and practice of thofe called Anabaptijls. See Ana- baptists, Cycl. and Suppl.

ANABASIUS, a name given by Pliny to a plant, which he calls alfo Ephedra, and defcribes as hanging down from the branches of large trees, in form of tufts of hair. It is very evident that he has formed the name Ephedra by corruption of the Ephydra of the Greeks, which is the name given by Diofcprides and others to the horfetail, from its growing in wet places. And here the word feems applied to a different plant, only for its refembling the naked thready branches of the horfetail. The plant defcribed by Pliny and others of the antients un ler this name, is the XJfnea, or long hairy tree- mofs. See the article Usnea.

ANABATA, in antient cuftoms, a cope, or facerdotal v.-ft, to cover the back and fhoulders of the prieft. Rem, GiolT» ad Paroch. antiq.

It is othcrwife called Anaboladium, formed of the Greek Ata£a?A£0-9a(, to caft over or cover. Id. ibid. The word Anabala feems to be ufed in the fame fenfe. V\ Du Cange, GIofT. Lat. in voc.

ANABATHRA, in ancient writers, denote a kind of Steps or ladder, whereby to afcend to fome eminence. In this fenfe we read of the Anabathra of theatres, pulpits. &c. Pilifct L. Ant. p. 90. Du Cange, GlolT. Grasc. T. 1. p. 65. Anabathra appears to have been fometimes alfo applied to ranges- of feats rifing gradually over each other. Id. ibid.

Anabathra is more particularly applied to a kind of ftone- blocks raifed by the highway fides, to aSfift travellers ir» mounting or alighting, before the ufe of ftirrups was invented. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 90.

The firft author of this contrivance, among the Romans, was C. Gracchusj brother of Tiberius. Bergier, de Viis Milir. fee. 39. § 31.

ANABLATUM, in botany, a name ufed by fome authors for the Squammaria, or toothwort, called Dentaria by others* J. BaithhiyVo]. 2. p. 783.

ANABLEPS, in the A rtedian fyftem of ichthyology, the name of a new genus of fifh, of the Malacopterygious kind, the characters, of which are thefe : The branchiollege membrane contains fix bones, and there is only one fmall fin at the extre- mity of the back. There is a fpecimen of this fifh in the great collection of Albertus Seba in Holland.

ANABOLifEUM, in antiquity, denotes any kind of upper gar- ment worn over the coat or tunic. Pitifc, Lex. Ant. T. [• p. 90. Du Cange, GlolT. Grasc. T. 1. p. 65. This is othcrwife called Anabole.

ANABOLEUS, kw&<>i$i, among the antients, a fervant whofe office was to afiift in mounting on horfeback. — Thefe were in ufe before the invention of ftirrups, or of thofe ftones called Anabathra. Suid. Lex. T. 1. p. 158. Du Cange, GlolT. Gr~ T. 1. p. 65. Pitifc. Lex. Ant. T. 1. p. 90.

Anaboleus is alfo ufed by Euftathius, to denote a fmall piece of iron, whereon the foot was let, in order to mount ; from which Buddasus infers, that the antients had ftirrups or foot- boards ; to which Lipfius objects, that it does not appear this Anaboleus was any pendent part fixed to the faddle, after the manner of our ftirrups, but rather a portable engine brought by a fervant, and placed by the horfe's fide. Aqu'm. Lex. Milit. T. 1. p. 50.

ANABROCHKMUS, AvajS^.ffj*®', in the antient phyfic, the operation of taking away oftenfive hairs in the eye-lids. The manner of performing the Anabrochifnus is defcribed by Gorraus. Vid. Gorr. Def. Med. in voc. AvaB^x,^^-

ANACA, in zoology, the name of a BrafUian fpecies of paro- quette. It is of the .fize of a lark ; its beak is brown and crooked ; the crown of its head is covered with feathers of 2 liver colour, and there are circles of brown ones near its eyes. Its throat is grey ; the upper part of its neck and its fides are green ; its belly is of a reddifh brown ; its back green, with a pale brown fpot; and its tail a pale brown. There • is a deep blood red mark at th« top of each win*, the reft