Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/116

 A L O

A L O

than half the proportion of the refin, or fulphureous part, that the hepatic did ; and about on third more of the faline. The Caballine, he obferved, was ufually fo very foul, and contained fo fmall a proportion, either of refin or fait, to its earthy or ufelefs matter, that it was not worth employing on any oc- cafion. But the different proportion of the principles in the two other kinds, he very well obferves, may naturally lead us to underftand the difference of their effe&s. As the refinous part of Aloes, contrary to that of all other purga- tive medicines, is fcarce at all purgative, there is plain reafon why the Succotrine, which has leaft of it, mould be em- ployed for all internal purpofes ; it being much better qualified to act by its other parts as a purge, by being freed from an over quantity of this, which is but an incumbrance upon it ; but on the other hand, there is as great reafon to prefer the hepatic, which abounds in refin, for all external ufes, where it is to act as a balfam in the healing of wounds, and the like ; and Mr. Boulduc fets it in thefe intentions upon a foot- ing with the beft of the natural balfams. The falts of Aloes are very violent and active; they frequently corrode the extremities of the blood -vcfYels, which lie in their way, and hence the hemorrhages which attend the ufe of this medicine. The refinous part of this medicine is in all cafes a great guard againfl the faline, and a check upon the violence of its operations ; thefe mould therefore never be feparated from one another ; yet this is too often done by the unflcill- ful, whence arife great mifchiefs, which Mr. Boulduc affirms, he has himfelf been a witnefs of, from the giving the fait of Aloes, without that balfamic refin, which nature has prudently fet as a guard over it. This ingenious experimenter would have us, inftead of dividing thefe principles, join them more intimately together ; this he obferves may be done by means of fait of tartar ; and by this means Aloes, will be made in all internal cafes, aji infinitely more fafe remedy. Mem. Acad. Par. 1708.

The Aloes, as imported, is ufually too foul for medicinal pur- pofes ; as having a mixture of ftraws, flicks, or gritty matter. To purify it, they gently diflblve it in water, enough to pafs it conveniently through a flannel cloth when warm, and after- wards evaporate it to a confidence. Some for this purpofe ufe fpirit of wine, and others fpirit of tartar, under the no- tion of better correcting the Aloes ; but that diflolvent feems mofl fuitable, which leaves the drug its native qualities, after refinement, leaving it to the phyfician afterwards to correct it in prefcription as he pleafes. £htmc. Difpenf. P. 2. p. 293. feq.

This drug applied to fores will caufe a purging. Thus we find in the medical effays, that a paftil made of myrrh, Aloes, and honey, having been put every day into a cavity formed by an ulcer in the bone, the patient had a conftant purging, which ceafed the day after the Aloes was omitted. Med. Eif. Edinb. Vol. 5. Art. 24.

Where it is alfo obferved, that the tincture of Aloes, applied to ulcers and carious bones, frequently brings on a purging. Aloes is a prime ingredient in Elixir proprietat'is, and Species Hiera Picra, with which the Tinclura Sacra, is made. Aloes was ufed among the antients, in embalming, to pre- ferve bodies from putrefaction. Of this Aloes, interpreters underftand that to have been which Nicodemus in the gofpel brought to embalm the body of Chrift. J aim, c. xix. v. 39. Several authors- have treated expreflyon Aloe s ; as Bejer and Ma- jor; Duroftantis on its fubftance, Marquis on its virtue, Mar- tinez on its choices, Fuchfius and Putcanus on its opening the veins. — Many particulars alfo relating to Aloes are given oc- cafionally by botanic and pharmaceutical writers. V. Lipen, Bibl. Med. p. 12.

More particularly concerning the principles and analyfis of Aloes, fee Hift. Acad. Science. 1708. p. 66. Act Erud. Lipf. 1710. p. 294. Its efficacy and ufefulnefs, Zacut. Lufit. Med. Princ. Hift. 1. 1. Hift. 21. p. 36. feq. Whether its virtue re- fide in its gummy, or refinous part, Junck. Confp. Therap. Tab. 3. p. 61. Manner of its operation, ghtinc. Pharm. Led. 4. p. 47. Ufe in flatulencies, Junck. Confp. Medic, p. 599. In facilitating delivery, Ephem. Acad. N, C. Dec. 2. An. 4. Ohf. 117. Ufcd to excefs, Ephem. Acad. N. C. Dec. 2. An. 5. p. 444. Occafions Haemorrhages, Junck. Therap. ubi fupra, bloody urine, Barth. Act. Med. T. 2. p. 166. Ex- traordinary Preparation of it, Mem. deTrev. 1729. p. 19. Lignum Aloes (Cycl.) — This wood, by the Indians and Portu- guefe, is called Calamba, or Calambac, being the fame with what is otherwife called by medical writers Xyloaloes, and Agallochum. V. Act. Erud. Lifp. An. 1695. p. 501. Nouv. Rep. Lett. T. 15. p. 202. See Aoallochum, and Calamba. Linfchoten", and after him Dr. Grew b, and others, miftakenly make the three fpecies of woods, mentioned in the Cyclopae- dia, the produce of fo many different trees growing in dif- ferent places. — [ a Linfcb. 1. 1. c. 76. b Grew, Muf. Reg. Societ. P. 2. p. 180. See alfo Bont, Not. in Garc. ab Hort.]" Sir Philip Vernatti, formerly refident in Java major, defcribes the Aloes, as the wood of a living tree, tho' rarely gathered till it be dead, and withered. The outermoft coat of wood is white, foft, and yields a milky juice extremely poifonous. The Lignum Aloes, or calambac is foundwithin the white wood, but not every where. When the tree decays, the white wood

foon withers, and grows worm-eaten, and the milk fo drie9 up, that you may eafily rub it afunder with your hand. The beft is found in the midft of the tree, nouriihed by the heart root, which goes ftreight down into the ground. Phil. Tranf. N°. 43. p. 863.

Grew defcribes a piece of Lignum Aloes, with its own gum growing on it, in the repofitory of the royal fociety. The tafte of the gum is perfectly like that of the wood ; the co- lour like that of the pureft and moft lucid Succotrine Aloes ; for with the light reflected, it looks almoft like pitch ; with the light tranfmitted, it glitters like a carbuncle ; powdered it is of a reddifh yellow c. This or fome other like aroma- tic gum was the Aloes of the Hebrews, divers times mentioned in the old teftament, among perfumes : myrrh and Aloes d , garments fmeljing of Aloes c and Caflia. The harlot in Solo- mon had perfumed her bed with Aloes f. The Hebrew text, in thefe paflages, has Abalim ; which word alfo occurs in the book of Numbers s, where its meaning has occafioned ibme difpute ; the vulgate renders it by Tabernacula, tents; St. Jerom by Static ; others by Santalum, or fanders ; others by faflton h ; the Englifh verfion, with great propriety, by Lig- num Aloes. — [ c Grciv, Muf. Reg. Societ. P. 2. c. 1. p. 179. 6 Cant. c. iv. v. 14. e Pfal. xlv. v.- 8. f Prov. c. vii. v. 17. s Numb. c. xxiv. v. 6- ' h CajleL Orat. de Botan. Sacr. p. 29.

feq-]

Bejer has a difcourfe exprefs on the Ahalirn ; wherein he fhews it to be the fame with the Agallochum. Printed in Wedcl. Exerc. Medic. Philol. Dec. Oct. p. 1 — 10. See alfo Sachs de Aloe Siles. in Ephem. Acad. N. C. Dec. 1. An. 1. p. 182. Concerning the virtues and ufes of the Aloes. V. Bejer. loc. cit. p. 6- feq. An odoriferous water now extracted from it, Act. Erud. Lipf. 1698. p. 390.

ALOEDARY, Aloedarium, kk^o.^, denotes a purging me- dicine, wherein aloes is an ingredient. Gorr. Def. Med. p. 23. Cajl. Lex. Med. p. 34.

This amounts to the fame with what we otherwife call an Aloetic. See Aloetic, Aloe, c?V.

Aloedary is alfo ufed for a hiftory of the clafs of plants, under the denomination of aloes.

Munting has publiftied an Aloedary, at the end of his hiftory of the Herha Bntannica ; in which is contained a botanic and medical hiftory of the Aloe Mucronato folio Americanes majoris, and of divers other fpecies, particularly the Afiatic aloes, from whence the juice, or drug-aloes is procured. AmJl^ 4 . 1681. A Notitia of it is given in Act. Erud. Lipf. 1682. p. 17. and in Week!. Mem.Ingen. N. no. p. 265.

ALOETIC {Cycl.) — Aloctics open the orifices of the vefiels% and are on this account found hurtful in cafes of haemorrhages b, particularly at the nofe c ; alfo in the Tenefmus rI , hemicra- nium % &c. The immoderate ufe of Aloetics tends to pro- duce haemorrhoids f , hypochondriac pains, and inflations g . — . p Rolfinc. Med. Confult. 1. 3. Conf. 2. p. 339. b Nent. Fund. Med. Tab. 9. p. n. & p. 35. c Id. ibid. Tab. 9. p. 19, d Junck. Confp. Med. Tab. 88. p. 586. c Id. ibid. Tab. 20. p. 120. f Nent. loc. cit. p. 156. s Wcpf. Obferv. p. 603.J Joannius has a treat! fe exprefs on Aloetic pills. Jo. Joann. de TJtilitate PUularum Aloeilcar. Hier. ab Aquapendente. Patav. 1630. 8". Lipen. Bibl. Med. p. 12.

ALOGIANS {Cycl.) — The Alogiaas made their appearance to- wards the clofe of the fecond century. — They aflerted that John's gofpel, which the orthodox alledge was written inop- pofition to Cerinthus, was the compofition of that very here- ■ tic ; nor was the apocalypfe in any better efteem with them. St. Epiphanius a among the antients, and M. le Clerc, among the moderns, have written largely againft this opinion of the Alog'ians. The arguments of the former have been fhewn to be inconclufive by F. Simon b and others ; neither has the latter received thanks for his defence, having been charged by feveral with favouring underhand the Alogian fyftem c .— [* Haref. 5 1 . p. 1 84. b Hift. Crit. de Nouv. Teft. Ap. Bibl. Univ. T. 12. p. 134. c V. A&. Erud. Lipf. 1697. p. 499. It. 1698. p. 456. Kitft. Bibl. Nov. Liter. 1698. p. 683. Work of Learn. T. 1. p. 74.J

K MafTuet d pretends, from a paflage in Irasneus, that the Alogians did not reject the whole gofpel of St. John, but only that part of it which fpeaks of the Holy Gboft, or Paraclet ; an opinion which has been, fufficiently refuted c. — [ a Not. ad Iren. 1. 3. c. 1 1. §. 9. • Init. Evang. S. Joan. Reftit. c. 24. p. 419. feq.]

ALOGOTROPHIA, in medicine, an irregular nutrition of fome part, attended with a vicious figure or conformation thereof, as in the rickets. Caji. Lex. Med. p. 34. If the bones of the vertebra? of the hack receive too much nutriment, on one fide, as fometimes happens in children, an incurvation neceftarily enfues, which, as Charleton exprefles it, is produced by an Alogotropbia. Exerc. 10. Pathol. §. 42. p. 200.

ALOIDES, in botany, a name ufed by fome for the Aloe palu- jlris, or frefh water aloes, called in fome parts of England water -folduc. Dale, Pham. p. 198.

ALOPECIA {Cycl.) propcrlydiffers from def avium capillorum^ as

in the former, certain parts or patches were left intirely bald,

whereas in the latter, the hair only grows immoderately

thin 1. It alfo differs from the Ophiajis, as this latter creeps

4 in