Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/1035

 L U M

L U N

of atleaft five inches long when full grown, ana having no mark of them. Its body is rounded, and much refembles the body of the common earth worm, and is of a flefh co- lour, or pale red ; it has no forceps.

LUGMON, in natural hiftory, a name given by the people of the Philippine Iflands to a fpecies of turtle; the female of which has a tuft of red feathers, of a pale blood colour on her breaft, which have greatly the appearance of a wound, given by nature, but fo much refembling a real wound, that any body would at firft fight be deceived.

LUJULA, wood ferret, in medicine. See Sorrel.

LULANIS, in botany, a name given by fome of the antient Greeks to a plant, ufed very frequently for a y^JIow colour in dying, and by the ladies for tinging their hair yellow, the favourite colours of thofe times. Neophytus explaining this word, fays, that it fignified the fame with ifatis, glaf- tum, or woad ; and feveral others have been of that opinion, though very abfurdly, fince the glaftum or woad dies a blue colour not a yellow ; and by no means anfwers the de- scription of the lulanis, which is the fame with the luium or lutea herba of the Romans, and with the genifiella tincloria or dyers wood of thefe times. See the article Lutum.

LUMELLA, in the glafs trade, the round hole in the floor of the tower of the leer, which is directly over the work- ing furnace, and by which the flame is let into the tower. Neri's Art of Glafs, p. 243.

LUMINOUS (Cyrf.) — Luminous emanations have been ob- ferved from human bodies, as alfo from thofe of brutes. The light arifing from currying a horfe, or from rubbing a cat's back are known to moft. Inftances of a like kind have been known on combing a woman's head. Bartholin a gives us an account, which he entitles nattier fplendcns, of a lady in Italy, whofe body would fhine, whenever flightly touched with a piece of linnen. Thefe effluvia of ani- mal bodies have many properties in common with thofe produced from glafs, fuch as their being lucid, their ihapping, and their not being excited without fome de- gree of friction, to which may be added electricity ; as a cat's back has been found ftrongly electrical when ftroaked \— [ a Cant. 3. Hift. 70. b Phil. Tranf. N° 476. p.444, feq. — ] See Electricity.

Human bodies not only appear luminous, but even the exha- lations from them adhering to their cloathing will caufe it to fhine likewife c. — [ c Ibid. &p. 477.]

LUMME, in zoology, the name of a water fowl of the co- lymbus kind, called by authors colymbus arclicus, and common about Iceland and fome parts of Norway, and fcarce known in any other part of the world. It is a beautful bird of the fize of a duck. It has a black and (harp beak of two inches long, and its head and neck are covered with grey feathers, running each way to a fharp edge, and making the appearance of a hood or friar's cawl. Its back and wings are black, variegated with fquare fpecks of white, and juft under the neck there is a large black fquare fpot. This runs down the back alio to five inches in length, and is about two inches broad, and beautifully variegated with black, white, and grey. Its belly is white, its legs are fhort, and its feet webbed. The people where it is common, hold it as facrcd, in fome meafure, and are afraid of killing it in fome places ; but the icelanders make it their principal food, and are very dextrous at catching it with (hares. Ray's Ornithol. p. 259.

LUMP/Tyft. See the article Lumpus.

Lump of flejh, in the manege. See Bouillon.

LUMPEN, in ichthyology, the name of a long bodied fifli of the muftela kind, common in the markets at Antwerp. It is of a long and round body, growing gradually flenderer to the tail. Its colour is a greenifti yellow, with black broad lines on the back placed tranfverfely ; and it has a little rednefs at the end of its tail. Willugbbfs Hift. Pifc. p. 120. It has alfo a number of dufky fpots all over the body, except under the longitudinal mark, which runs along each fide from the gills to the tail. It has either no fcales, or fuch as are too fmall to be perceptible ; its mouth is large, and furnifhed with one row of teeth in each jaw ; its tongue is broad, foft, and roundifh, and the iris of the eyes is yellow. The apertures of its gills are fmall, its back fin runs fingly the whole length of the back, and turning round the tail, comes up to the anus ; near which there is another aperture, out of which may be prefled an aqueous liquor. The lumpen is the galea pifcis, or mujlela altera of Gefner and others. It is a fpecies of the blenm diftinguifhed by Artedi, by the name of the blennus, with fins like cirri un- der its neck, and tranfverfe (freaks on the back. The cirri are bifid.

LUMPUS, in zoology, the name of a thick and fhort fea fifli, called in Englifli the lump fijh, and fea own, and by the Scotch the cock paddle.

]t is a thick and very ill (haped fifh. Its belly is broad and flat, and its back rifes to a ridge. Its colour is a mixture of blackifh and red j its belly is red. It has no fcales, but is covered wirji a tough (kin, which is full of (harp tubercles ; and 011 each fide it has three rows of prickles or orooked thorns. It has two fins- on the back, the firft thick, carti-

laginous, or rather flefhy, and having no rays or nerves* and another below it fupported by nine rays. Its mouth is large, and its jaws are furnifhed with vaft numbers of fmall teeth. It is caught in many parts of the Englifli feas, and is common in the fiihmongcrs (hops in London, but it is not much efteemed. See Tab. of Fifties, N° ?2. and

mikgUfs Hid. pifc. p. 208.

LUNA (Cycl.) — Luna marina, in zoology, a name by which Gefner has called a peculiar fpecies ot'Jlar fijb, called alfo the fea fun. See Soleil de mer.

Luka pifcis, in zoology, a name by which fome have called the mola, which we ufualiy call in Englifli the fun fijh, JVillughby's Hift. Pifc. p. 15. See the article Mola.

Lac LunjE. Seethe article Lac times.

LUN/ETRIA, a term invented by fome affected wri- ters, on medicine for a fever, which they fay is curable in one period of the moon.

LUNAR {Cycl.) — Lunar cycle, in chronology. See Cy- cle of the moon, Cycl.

LUNARE es, in anatomy, is the fecond bone in the firft row of the carpus. It has its name from the Latin luna, the 1 moon, becaufe one of its fides is in form of a crefcent. The articular fides in this bone are four in number. One convex for the bafis of the radius, onefemi-lunar for the os fcaphoides, one almoft triangular for the os cuneiforme, and one hollow ; which, with the hollow fide of the os fca- phoides, forms a cotyloide cavity for the head of the os magnum. The convex fide, together with that of the os fcaphoides, forms an oblong convexity, anfwerino- to the oblong concavity in the bafis of the radius, the outer and inner furfaces are fmall and rough. This bone would fome- what more properly be named osfemi-lunare, than lunare, &c. IVmflovfs, Anatomy, p. 83.

LUNARIA, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The flower confifts of four leaves, and is of the cruciform kind. Thepiftil arifes from the cup, and finally becomes a very remarkable feed veflcl, extremely broad, thin, and flat and divided by an interme- diate membrane into two cells, which ufualiy contain kidney fhaped and marginated feeds. See Tab. 1. of Botany, Clafs 8. The fpecies of lunaria, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe. 1. The common larger round podded lunaria. 2. The white flowered round podded perennial larger lunaria. 3. The larger lunaria with long (haped pods. 4. The pur- ple flowered long podded larger lunaria. 5. The wall flower leaved lunaria with large and long pods. 6. The wall flower leaved lunaria with long (haped fmaller pods. 7. The lunaria with long crooked pods. Tourn. Inft. p. 218. This plant is famous in fome parts of the kingdom for its medicinal virtues, though it has not the fortune to be re- ceived in the fliops. The people in the northern countries dry the whole plant in an oven, and give as much as will lie on a (hilling for a dofe, twice a day, in haemorrhages of all kinds, particularly in the too abundant flowing of th« menfes, and this with great fuccefs. The Welfli, among whom it is not uncommon, Dr. Needbam informs us, make an ointment of it, which they ufe externally, and pretend it cures dyfenteries. Dale Pharm.

Lunaria, in natural hiftory, is alfo ufed by fome authors for the Selenites.

LUNARIS cochlea, in natural hiftory, the name of a genus of (hells of the fnail kind, the diftinguiihing character of which is their having a perfectly round mouth. Thefe are uni- valve, umbilicated (hells, with a deprefled clavicle, and a furface fometimes fmooth, but more frequently ftriated, fur- rowed', lac'iniated, or covered with tubercles. The cochlea, or (hails in general, are divided into three genera, which are founded on the differences in the fliape of the mouth. The firft genus has the mouth round, the fe- cond has it femi -circular, and the third oval. The firft is, the genus charactered by the term cochlea lunaris. This genus of cochlea: may be very aptly divided into three fac- tions. 1. The fmooth cochlea lunares. 2. The fulcated ones, and 3. The rough or fcabrous ones. Yet, it is to be ob- ferved, that this method of diftinction, which was inftituted by Rumphius, is, though very obvious, yet very flightly found- ed, as it takes in only the varieties of the fuperficies, not any eflential characters. The name Umax feems to have been given the fnail from the Latin limus mud, for it is ufualiy bred among mud. They have all an operculum or covering for the mouth. This entirely flops up the aperture of the (hell, when the filh draws its body into it ; and this operculum, when found loofe, and feparate, as many kinds of it frequently are, is called by many umbilicus veneris, as if it were a peculiar fpecies of (hell. No fnail has lefs than two volutse or turns, in the fhell, and many have as far as ten. It is faid, that Archimedes took the invention of the fcrew, fo famous ever fince his time, and ftill called after his name from the form of this fhell ; and it is generally al- lowed, that architects have taken the hint of their winding flights of flairs from it. Rumph, p. 29. Lijhr de Conch* Hift. Nat. Eclaire, P. 2. p. 251.

The fmall fpecies of crab, called bernard the hermit, often lodges itfclf in a (hell of one of thefe animals, after the

creature