Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/1015

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St will feize on almod any thing. Mr. Reaumur tried it with a hexapode worm of a beetle, which it immediately feized upon, though three times as big as itfelf, and foon fucked it abfolutely dry, leaving nothing but (kin. It is very lingular alfo in its way of living, as it does not remain naked in the manner of the other kinds, but has always a fort of houfe or cave over it, in the manner of the common moth found in cloth. This cafe of the lion puceran is fo large, that it feems a great burthen for the creature to carry 3 it covers it all over from the neck to the extremity of the body, and even reaches far beyond it. This cafe is made \ip of feveral coloured filaments, refembling a fort of down. Some of thefe are white, others brown, and others yellowifh. This cafe is made of the (kins and down of the pucerom ■which the creature has eaten, and if thefe were not in the way it would have made one of any thing elfe. Nature has made this animal tender, and rendered a covering neceffary, and the creature always prepares itfelf one, out of whatever materials it finds moll ready.

Mr. Reaumur took the covering off from one of them, and put it naked into a box, where there was a web of a filk worm. The creature immediately made itfelf a covering of the fragments, into which it broke the threads of filk ; and another, in the fame manner, made itfelf one of fome fcraped paper. There is no great /kill employed in the fabric of this, but the things are coarfely laid together, and hang to one another, and to the inequalities of the body. The manner in which the creature forms it, is only by taking the particles of which it is compofed feverally be- tween its horns, and throwing them over its head, fo that they may fall on fome part of the back. This fpecies, like the two before defcribed, fpins itfelf a round web, and after lying about a month in the chryfalis ftate, it comes forth in form of a four winged fly ; and is fo like the beautiful Hy produced from the firft fpecies, that it is fcarcc to be known from it, unlefs by its being finaller. Thefe are the puceron lions which finally change into flies ; but befide thefe, we have another kind, which have alfo fix legs, and which finally become beetles : thefe are the worms of a large clafs of fmall beetles, one of which is extremely common among us, and known to children by the name of the cow lady : as this is yellow, fpotted with black, there are others which are blue, brown, reddifh, and of other co- lours, but all fpotted in that manner. Reaumur's Hift. Inf. Vol. 6. p. 152.

The worms of all thefe are puctrtm lions; they are oblong and flat, their hinder extremity terminates in a point, and their breaft is the largeft part. Their legs are all fattened near the head ; and they have at the extremity of the head two hooks, in the manner of other worms of the fly kind. They are ufually of a rounded figure, in their common fitua- tion on the leaves of the trees ; and as they are hereafter to become beetles, of feveral different kinds, they are them- felves of different colours, fome yellowifh, fome greenifh, and fome grey, thefe laft are ufually fpotted with feveral brownifh or black fpots.

The parents of thefe lay their eggs indifferently on any part of the tree ; and the young ones, as foon as hatched, are to crawl over the leaves and branches, till they find fome place where the pucerom are ; and then they fix their habitation there, till they have eaten all up, ,or till they have lived their appointed time.

When the period of their change is near, they forbear eat- ing, and foon after they fallen themfelves by the hinder part to a leaf; and there, without fpinninga web, wait for their final transformation, which is made in a cafe or fliell, formed of their own (kin dried and hardened. After they have drawn their bodies as fhort as can be, they remain about a fortnight in this ftate, and then come out in the form of a lady-bird, or fome other fmall beetle of that form. The female of which afterwards lays a number of oblong eggs of the colour of amber ; from thefe are foon hatched the crea- tures we have been defcribing ; which, as foon as well out of the egg, travels about the tree or plant in fearch of the cluflers of the pucerom.

dnt-Liov, Formica Leo. Sec Formica lea.

Lions tail, in botany. See Leonurus.

LIONESS, leesna, a female lion. See Lion.

The lionefs has no mane, or long hairs upon the neck and breaft, which fo remarkably characterizes the lion. The nofe alfo is longer in the lionefs, and the head more flatted in the upper part. The claws alfo are much fmaller than thofe of the male lion. This creature, when full grown, is about three feet high, from the fore feet to the ridge of the back, and about five feet long from the end of the nofe to the in- fertion of the tail, which is about two feet and a half long. The claws are of a fibrofe texture, the fibres being very hard in themfelves, but eafily feparable from one another. In other particulars the lionefs very little differs from the lion. See Tab. of Quadrupeds, "N° 2. and the article Lion.

LIONINE, or Lionade, in thehiftory of the coins current in Ireland, a name given to certain coins, imported pri- vately from France and other places. There were befide thefe many others of the fame fort, impreffed with eagles, rofes, and the like, and called by names fignifying thofe

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impreffions. They were a vary bafe and poor fort of ttii- ney. The penny lionade, or licnine, not coming up to the value of the half-penny of the coin of the kingdom. They were difcountenanced in the year 1300; and good money being ftruck there, it was made death, and confifcation of goods to import any of them ; and the run of them was thus flopped. Simon's Irifli coins.

LIP (Cycl.)—Wounded. Wounds of the lips afe made ei- ther with (harp or with blunt inflruments, or elfe with bul- lets. Thofe of the firft fort, whether longitudinal, or tranf- verfe, are generally to be cured by the dry future. The pati- ent, while under cure, mud avoid talking and chewing ; his diet therefore mud be fpoon meat. But in cafes where the wound 13 very large the bloody future is fometimes neceffary. In wounds of the lips made by blunt inftruments, by falls, or by bullets, the (battered parts mull be brought to digef- tion; and the lips of the wound, after being cleaned, brought together, either by means of flicking plaiflers, or by the future ufed in the hare lip. Heifter Surg. 81.

Ll r f a c har fi' in the ma nege, is the (kin that covers the fides of his mouth, and furrounds his jaws. A horfe is faid to arm or guard bimfelf with his lips, when his lips are fo thick, that they cover their bars, and keep off the prefl'ure of the curb.

LIPA, a word ufed frequently by Hippocrates to exprefs any thing fat or oily. He calls certain ftools, which have a fatty appearance by this name. Thefe are efteemed a fign of great colliquation ; be alfo applies it to a fort of fatty fub- dance, often feen fwimming on the furface of the urine like a fpider's web ; this the fame great author gives as a fign of a confumption.

LIPAR7EUS lapis, in the natural hiftory of the antients the name of a ftone ufually found in Lipara, one of the ./Eohan Iflands, and brought thence in the time of the Greeks among the pumices, of which that place always afforded them a large quantity.

It was a fmall ftone, about the bignefs of a filbert, of an irregular and uncertain fhape, and porous and friable con- ditution, like that of the pumices, but more eafily falling to pieces on rubbing between the fingers, than even the fofteft of them ; the colour was a du(ky grey, and the whole external furface plainly (hewed that it had fuffered changes by the means of fire. The antients had thefe Hones in great efteem; and Pliny has recorded an idle tradition concerning them, which feems to have been then generally believed. This was that all forts of wild beads were got together by the burning of it. The ftone, at prefent, however, is fo little regarded, that the writers on fuch fubjefls have even forgot to name it ; and Wormius, the only one of the late naturalifts, who feems to have had the ftone, and given it a place in his mufseum, and a defcription in his hiftory of it, yet has not honoured it with any particular name, and feems not to have known that it ever had any. They are Come-- times brought to us, to this day, among the pumices from the burning mountains, but are not regarded. Hill's Theo- phraftus, p. 36.

LIPARIS, in zoology, the name of a fifh of the general order of the anguilliformes, or eel fhaped, and mod approaching to the alauda, of any fpecies. Its head is fhaped fomewhat like that of a rabbet. Its mouth is fmall, and its jaws rough, but deftitute of teeth. It has a broad back fin reach- ing from near the head to the tail. It is covered with fmall fcales, and has two pair of belly fins, the one placed under the gills, the other lower down, and another from the anus to the tail which is forked. It feems one lump of fat within, not only the inteftines being loaded with fat, but it in a manner fupplying the place of flefh under the (kin. It is brought to the table among other fmall fifh, but is of an in- fipid tafte, and generally either offends the (lomach, or urges to ftool. It is caught in the Mediterranean and other feas. Rondelet de Pifc. The name is originally Greek, and is formed of the adje3ive


 * i7rap®. fat.

Liparis is alfo ufed by fome for the fifh, called by authors the gunnellus, and by the people of Cornwall the butter fifh. Ray's Ichthyog. p. 115. See the article GunneIlus.

Liparis, in botany, a name given by fome authors to the pinguicula, butterwort, or Yorkftiire fanicle.

Liparis nofiras, in zoology, the name of a fmall fifh com- mon on the coafts of Yorkftiire and fome other parts of Eng- land, and called in Englifh the/nail, and Umax marinas by fome authors. It is about five fingers long. On its back and fides it is of a bright brown, and on the belly of a fine white. Thefe are its colours, when frc/h taken, for when it has been kept ten or twelve hours, the whole furface of the body, except the fins, becomes of a paler and bright brown. The head is thick, and not flat, hut rounded. It has no teeth, but its jaws are both rough like files. The apertures of the gills are fmall holes, fcarce large enough to admit a pea ; and over the root of the firft pair of fins there is a fort of valve which the fifh opens and contrails at plea- fure ; and under the throat there is a round fpot, cxaclly refembling the impreflion of a feal ; this is of a blu.ilh white, and has twelve fmaller fpots of the fame colour furrounding