Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Supplement, Volume 1.djvu/1011

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lion, if not in the difUn&ion of the fpecies. Tn fome fpe- cies it is made of a feries of little points, or holes, as appears to the eye j of this nature is the linen in eels, &c. In fome others it is formed of a fort of duct, running along the cen- ter of a great number of fcales. This is its ftructure in the generality of fifties. Jrtedi's Ichthyology. This line, in various kinds of fifh, varies alfo in regard to number, fituation, figure, and other properties. In regard to number, there is no line obferved in the fyngnathi and petromyza, in almoft all other fifh there is one on each fide ; and finally, in fome there are as it were two lines on each fide : an inftance of this we have in the ammodytx. In regard to the fituation, the differences are thefe. i. In fome ic is near the back, as in the clupea, falmons, pearch, and the like. 2. In others it is placed nearer the belly, and runs parallel with it, as in the cyprini. 3. In fome it is placed in the center of each fide between the back and the belly, as in the caraflius. 4, In fome it is placed againft the interfaces of the mufcles, or the fpina dorfalis, as in the murasna ; and 5. In fome it is placed above the inter- ftices, as in the ammodytae, &c. It has been fuppofed, by many, that this lima lateralis was always parallel to the in- terftices of the mufcles, but this is evinced to be an errone- ous opinion, by the observation of the pearch and mackrel. In regard to the differences of figure, this line is in fome ftrait, as in the coregones, falmons, &c. 2. In others it is crooked, as in the cyprini, the pearch, c?r. and in the ge- nerality of fifh is fmooth to the touch, but in fome it is rough and accelerated, as in the trachurus and pleuronectl. Artedi Ichthyolog.

Lines, in mulic, is ufed for thofe ftrokes drawn horizontally on a piece of paper, on and between which, the characters and notes of muiic are difpofed. Their number is commonly five, when another is added for one, two or more notes, it is called a leger line. See Leger.

Some fay that it is to Guido Aretine that we owe their in- vention : they are very commodious, and greatly afiift the imagination in diftinguifhing the low notes from the high. Upon their firft introduction, the lines only were ufed, and the fpaces between them intirely negleited. BroJJ'ard. Originally thefe were as many lines drawn for a fong, as it required notes afcending ; but at length the notes being placed in the intervals of the lines, thefe were reduced to four ; fo that there were nine places or degrees for nine dif- ferent founds, which was their extent : at laft they raifed the number to five, of which the loweft is reckoned firft j and hereon they placed the characters for eleven different founds, including the fpaces above the fifth and below the firft ; and at the lame time they had the liberty, at pleafure, to add more lines if the fong ran to a greater compafs.

Line of the banquet in the manege. See Banquet.

Knave Line, in a fhip. See Knave.

Line of equated bodies. See equated bodies.

Indented Line, in fortification. See indented line.

Labelled Like. See labelled line.

Line of a volt, in the manege. Sec Square and Volt.

LINEA nubelofa. See NubeLosa tinea.

LINEAR leaf among botanifts. See Leaf.

LINEATORES, in the hippodrome at Conftantinople, were the fame with the defignatores in the circus at Rome. See Hippodromus, Circus, Designator, Cycl.

LING, in ichthyology, the Englifh name for a kind of fifh, which is a fpecies of the afellus, according to the generality of authors, and is generally called afellus longus. Accord- ing to the new Artedian fyftem, it is a fpecies of the gadi, and is diftinguifhed by the exprefiive name of the gadus, with two fins on the back, with a bearded mouth, and with the upper jaw longeft. See Asellus and Gadus. Ling is efteemed, both frefh and cured for the table. It is » a long bodied fifh, more approaching to the merlucius or hake, than to any other fpecies. It is covered with very fmall fcales which adhere clofely to the ikin. The back and fides are of a blueifh or greenifh brown, and the belly white. Its head is flat and large, and its fnout confiderably lonf. The upper jaw is longer than the under, and both are fur- nifhed with feveral rows of fhort teeth, and the lower with one range of longer. And in the palate there are a large number of fmall teeth, among which there are four or five

large and long ones intermixed. The mouth

opens very

wide, and in the angle of the lower jaw has a fingle fhort beard. It has two fins upon the back, one near the head ; the other not far behind it, and reaching down almoft to the tail. The gill fins are fmall, the belly tins are placed high, and the tail is not forked. See Tab. of Fifhes, N J 28. and Ray's Ichthyog. p. 175.

LINGUA avis, birds tongue, in the materia medica, the (^ed of the afh tree, or afhen keys. Ger. Emac. Ind. 2.

Lingu J£ fecundian par, a name given by Caflerius to a pair of mufcles of the tongue, called by the generality of authors flyhglofjus. Sec Styloglossus.

Lingua cervina, hart's tongue, in botany, the name of a genus of plants ; the characters of which are thefe. The leaves refemble the tongue of an animal in fhape, or are, at leaft, vulgarly fuppofed to do fo ; they are ufually plain and

■ fimple, but fometimes they are jagged, and in fome fpecies'

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they are compofed of many fegments affixed to a middle rib. The flowers are not difcovered, but the feeds "row on the under part of the leaf, in feveral long, fulcated and feem- ingly bivalve furrows ; thefe are filled with oblong capfules, each of which is furnifhed with an elaftic ring, by the contraction of which they are burft when the feeds are ripened.

The fpecies of hart's tongue enumerated by Mr. Tournefort are thefe. 1. The common barfs tongue. 2. The great hart's tongue with undulated leaves, auriculated at their bafes. 3. The harfs tongue with the middle rib of the leaf termi- nating in a prickle. 4. The hart's tongue with leaves cor- niculated, and divided into many fegments at their fummits. 5. The narrow leaved finning hart's tongue with leaves not ferrated. 6. The fmalleft ba?-fs tongue with undulated leaves. 7. The narrow leaved great hart's tongue with down, hiding the fegments of the leaves. 8. The oak leaved hart's tongue. 9. The Virginian hart's tongue with leaves bending down, and taking root from their fummits. 10. The fmooth but rigid hart's tongue. 1 1. The broad leaved hart's tongue with fcaly pedicles. 12. The fhiniug barfs tongue with jointed pedicles. 13. The narrow leaved re- ticulated barfs tongue. 14. 1'he ilex leaved climbing harfs- tongue. 15. The mofly hart's tongue with yellow hairs and fcales. 16. The letter hairy hart's tongue. 17. The fhort and thick leaved bar f s tongue. 18. The fmalleft, creeping, hairy harfs tongue. 19. The largcft leaved harfs tongue. 20. The barfs tongue covered on its underfide with a fine gold coloured powder. 21. The long and very narrow leaved hart's tongue. 22. The harfs tongue with fharp pointed leaves, dufty at the tops and on their edges. 23. The round dented not branched harfs tongue. 24. The harfs tongue with long, broad, and fi-rrated leave?. 25. The climbing harfs tongue with fcaly ftalks. 26. The harfs tongue with long, narrow, and undulated leaves. 27. The great hairy reddifh barfs tongue. 28. The harfs tongue with green fpotted creeping roots. 29. The hairy harfs tongue with broad and roundifh leaves, 30. The double leaved harfs tongue. 31. The narrow leaved harfs tongue with hairy ftalks and ribs. 32. The climbing harfs tongue with bay-like ferrated leaves. 33. The harfs tongue with multifid leaves. 34. The larger harfs tongue with leaves divided into two or three large fegments. 35. The oreat branched harfs tongue with multifid and curled leaves. 36. The fmaller branched harfs tongue with multifid and curled leaves. 37. The branched harfs tongue with leaves turning round at the ends. 38. The large harfs tongue with the appearance of fmall leaves growing at the extremities of the fegments. 39. The many point- ed fcaled harfs tongue. 40. The multifid harfs tongue with jagged tops. 41, The harfs tongue with leaves growing on a middle rib. 42, The branched, rough, and undulated harfs tongue. 43. The great knotty branched harfs tongue. 44. The great climbing and creeping Ameri- can harfs tongue. 45. The great, branched, climbing, citron leaved harfs tongue. 46. The fmaller climbing branched citron leaved harfs tongue. 47. The branched harfs tongue with pointed and ferrated leaves. 48. The oak leaved branched harfs tongue. 49. The branched harfs tongue with black fpots on the leaves. 50. The climbing branched harfs tongue with narrow undulated leaves. 51. The branched harfs tongue with ferrated fword like leaves. C2. The branched harfs tongue with leaves dufty at the edges. 53. The broad leaved branched harfs tongue with the edges furrounded with a thin membrane. 54. The golden branched harfs tongue. 55. The branched harfs tongue with black dufty tubercles. 56. The fmall, knotty branched harfs tongue. 57. The harfs tongue with linuated leaves, di- vided into three fegments at their ends. 58. The cinque- foil branched harfs tongue with fcaly pedicles and fharp pointed leaves. 59. The trefoil harfs tongue with narrow and ferrated leaves. Tourn. Inft. p. 585. See Puff ball. LINGUADO, in zoology, the name of a Weft-Indian fifh, in fhape refembling a foal. Its mouth is furnifhed with very fharp teeth, but has no tongue. It has large gills, with two fmall fins annext near their bottoms to the under part, or belly. It is of a pale ftone colour, and is cloathed on the back with very fmall fcales. Its tail is almoft fquare in fhape, and made of a very thin fin. It lives in fhallow water, and keeps clofe upon the fand. It, upon the whole, very much approaches to our foal, but principally differs in that the fins under its gills terminate in a fmall filament. Marggrave's Hift. Braf. p. 71. LINGUATULA, in zoology, the name of a fpecies of fifh, fomewhat refembling the foal, but fmaller and fhorter, and much inferior to it in tafte. It is common in the Mediter- ranean, and brought to market at Rome, Venice, and elfe- where, and is called by other authors cynoglojjus, and ci- tharusfavus, or citbarus a/per. Willughby, Hift. Pifc. p. ioi. Seethe article Cynoglossus. L1NGUIFORM leaf among botanifts. See Leaf. LINGULA, in zoology, the name of an extremely fmall fifh of the foal kind. It is known from the reft of this genus not only by its fmallnefs, but by a ridge of fmall fcales

which