Page:Current Strategies for Engineering Controls in Nanomaterial Production and Downstream Handling Processes.pdf/11



Figure 1. Atomic structure of a spherical fullerene

Figure 2. How control measures are incorporated into an occupational safety and health management system

Figure 3. Worker reaching into drum

Figure 4. Graphical representation of the hierarchy of controls

Figure 5. Four primary filter collection mechanisms

Figure 6. Collection efficiency curve: fractional collection efficiency versus particle diameter for a typical filter

Figure 7. A large-scale ventilated reactor enclosure used to contain production furnaces to mitigate particle emissions in the workplace

Figure 8. A canopy hood used to control emissions from hot processes

Figure 9. Schematic illustration of how wakes caused by the human body can transport air contaminants into the worker's breathing zone

Figure 10. Nano containment hood adapted from a pharmaceutical balance enclosure

Figure 11. A tabletop model of a Class II, Type A2 biological safety cabinet (BSC)

Figure 12. A glove box isolator for handling substances that require a high level of containment

Figure 13. Air curtain safety cabinet hood that uses push-pull ventilation

Figure 14. Ventilated collar-type exhaust hoods for containing dust during product discharge or manual bag filling

Figure 15. An inflatable seal is used to contain nanopowders/dusts as they are discharged from a process such as spray drying

Figure 16. A continuous liner product off-loading system that uses a continuous feed of bag liners fitted to the process outlet to isolate and contain process emissions and product

Figure 17. A ventilated bag-dumping station that reduces dust emissions during the emptying of product from bags into a process hopper

Figure 18. A laminar downflow booth for handling large quantities of powders

Figure 19. Bag in/bag out procedures. This photo shows the removal of a dirty air filter from a ventilation unit into a plastic bag to minimize worker exposure to particles captured by the filter unit

Figure 20. Operating principle of a Pitot tube (left) and different types of Pitot tubes (right)

Figure 21. Smoke generator to visualize airflow