Page:Craven-Grey - Hindustani manual.djvu/60

 2. Respectful Imperative, Respectful Aorist, or Impersonal Aorist and persons pi., (Ap) giriye please fall (now), one should fall (now). (In this form there is a slight idea of command). 1

3. Future Precative 2nd or 3rd persons pi., (Ap) giriyega please fall (in the future). (In this form there is no command).

4. Wuh girta ho he may be falling ; wuh girta hoga he will or must be falling ; wuh girta hota had he been (or he would have been) falling etc. (of time past or present, not of future) ; giro, ho he may have fallen : gira hoga he will or must have fallen ; agar wuh giro, hota had he fallen etc. (of past time only).

In transitive verbs tenses formed from the Past Part, require the agent case (ne).

5. The personal pronouns, except when emphasis is required, may be omitted, especially in those tenses in which the endings clearly indicate the number and person, such as the Future.

The Negatives. These are mat, na and nahlh. The first, prohibitive only, precedes or follows the Imperatives : it is imperious and so the modern tendency is to discard it.

Instead of mat, na can precede or nahlh follow the Impera- tives and the Infinitive when the latter is used as an Imperative.

Nahlh alone is used with the Present Tense.

With the Aorist and the Past Conditional, na is preferred, but nahlh may be used.

The next is a verb of extensive use and is conjugated precisely like the preceding.

1 In Ap gireh there is no command.