Page:Craven-Grey - Hindustani manual.djvu/150

 iu Shouting " " read either the Bagh_ o Bahar, or the Aids to Scouting" but it is better to omit the aur.

(2) Yz ya " or " is also idiomatically used for " whereas" (hnlan-ki in good Urdu), i.e., it expresses great contrast, as: Yd (to\ pa h le tahg- dasti thi, ya ab chain hi chain hai=" at first I was poor, whereas now I live in nothing but luxury."

Compare the use of kahah Lesson 38 (d), and aur, Lesson 43.

(f) Kyd kya means whether or (inclusive), as : Kya amir kya faqlr " whether rich or poor, high and low."

IDiwah khwah, and Chahe chahe ditto (but exclusive).

(g) " When " expressing a future condition, is in English often followed by the Present Tense, but in Hindustani the Aorist or Future is necessary, as : " When Tor if) he comes, tell me "jab wuhaja,e (not a-ja,ega) mujhe khabar 1 dena. But if the first verb is future the second must be future ; vide Lesson 61 (b).

(h) So also means " therefore, so," as : Turn ne wahan jane ke liye i/iana* kiya tha so maift ivahnii nahin ja,un$a. The correlative so is seldom used in modern Urdu ; but as jo ho ho for " happen what may " would sound ill, jo ho so ho is used.

(i) He delights in danger.

Jis kam men khatra hai wuhi (or wuh, or so) usko pasand hai.

This is the sais whose pony was here yesterday, (lit. what pony was here yesterday, its sais is this.)

Yih wuhi sajs hai jiskd tattu kal yahah tha, (or jo  tattu kal yahah tha, uska  sajs yih hai}.

1 But Jab wuk n-ja,ega main khabar duiiga ; if the apodosis is an Imperative, the Aorist is used in the protasis.