Page:Craven-Grey - Hindustani manual.djvu/110

 this letter to yourself; " yih khatt, path-do "read this letter to me." Ham dpas men hahs-lete the " we were joking amongst ourselves " (for our own amusement), (but ham hahs-dete the " we could not help laughing)."

(2) Dena also sometimes gives the idea of "on purpose," as : Main ne (jdn-bujh kar) usko mdr-diyd (or qasd-an mdrd] "I hit him on purpose," but bhul se usko mdrd (not mdr-diyd.}

(3) The compound in dena is also used to express a time more remote than the simple verb, thus : Jab main ' thetar ' men pahuiichd us ke do ek minat peshtar darwdza khold-gayd tha " when I arrived at the theatre, I found that the doors had been opened just a minute or two before," but mere pahuhchne se bahut pahle darwdza khol-diyd-gayd tha. The two final verbs in the preceding could be interchanged, but it is better not to do so, and the same rule applies to the Active.

(4) Dend also signifies some definite time, as : Jab main ivahah gayd wuh hahstd tha (not hahs-detd tha) " when I went

there he was laughing (/. e., he was laughing before I arrived)," but jab main usko gudguddtd tha wuh hahs-detl thl (or not so good hahstl thl} "whenever I tickled her, she laughed."

(5) The Imperative do can be added to the root of any verb, and signifies " for my sake " : it is more polite than the simple verb.

(6) Us-ne mujhe musllat se bachd-diya " he saved me from misfortune." Main girne hi ko thd ki sahib ne mujhe bachd- liyd^ (rarely -diyd}.

Mujhe girte girte sahib ne bachd-liyd " I was on the point of falling when the sahib saved me."

r Liya. signifies for his own pity or mercy.