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 THE MUNICIPAL ORGANIZATION materials for the highly developed goldsmiths' art to work upon. In later times the goldsmiths' craft had silver smelting-works of their own, administered by themselves.

The municipal cloth-cutting workshops, where the cloth was measured, and sorted, and marked according to its kind, occupied two buildings.

On all this duties were levied. Other less important sources of income were the bridge-moneys and customs duties, from which, however, the nobles, the clergy, and peasants coming to town to sell their dairy and farming produce, were exempt; the payments for grants of the freedom of the town, &c.

The town, from the earliest times, was divided into four quarters, called Castle Quarter, the Potters' Quarter, the Butchers' Quarter, and Slawkow. The large Central Square formed two marketplaces, the poultry market and the coal market. The police control over building matters and provision against fire were entrusted to the "quartermasters" (heads of the districts). These, e.g., together with the seniors of the corporations, estimated the value of houses, and drew up attestations on their being out of repair. The chief police magistrate—whose title was "warden of the town hall"—had to watch over public safety in the town, whose gates were closed every night. A position both