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 ART FROM THE RENASCENCE teacher and theoretician. Himself a follower of Overbeck—as his picture of the Maccabees proves, which won the prize at Paris in 1841—he succeeded in inspiring his pupils with a general devotion to great aims and noble models, and in stirring up their imagination and the desire for perfection. The efficiency of his teaching is proved by the names of his pupils, such as Luszczkiewicz, Grabowski, Gryglewski, Kotsis, Leopolski, Grottger, and Matejko. His colleagues in teaching were J. Glowacki, famous for his landscapes, a disciple of Gauermann and Steinfeld, then his

successor and imitator, A. Plonczynski, and J. Bizanski, a follower of the Vienna School.

There appear sometimes, in the history of art, powerful individualities, who, without any particular predecessors or followers, attain a great height, and leave us in amazement at their solitary grandeur. Such a God-gifted artist was Peter Michalowski (born at Cracow in 1800, d. 1855), who, with an eagle-like keenness of mind, clearly perceived his proper tasks and went to their execution with impulsive, spontaneous