Page:Cornyn Outline of Burmese Grammar.pdf/35

32 kàndé ‘marks across’: kànlàn šìdé ‘it is situated across’. pháðá ‘of own accord’ is apparently a construction of this kind in which neither member occurs as a free form; pháðá néibázéi ‘leave (him) alone’.

When the members of a doubled verb are a verb first member followed by two rhyming syllables with initial t- t‑, the juncture is variable. Between the verb first member and the second syllable there is space juncture. Between the two rhyming syllables there may be open juncture, close juncture, or close juncture with loss of tone of the prior member:

nídé ‘is red’: ní tí tí or ní tídí ‘reddish’; sêindé ‘is green’: sêin têindêin or sêin tadêin ‘greenish’; nwêidé ‘is warm’: nwêi têidêi ‘warmish’.

When the members of a doubled verb are a negated verb first member followed by a verb with prefixed ta‑, the juncture is open. The first member, if tone I, changes to tone III:

pyèidé ‘is full’: mapyèi tabyèi ‘not quite full’; thìdé ‘touches’: mathì tadì ‘not quite touching’; hmídé ‘reaches’: mahmì tahmì ‘not quite reaching’.

The second member is different in mató tashà ‘by accident’ (perhaps this is from tózàdé ‘guesses, presumes’).

Doubled verbs are often preceded by khaɁ ‘rather, somewhat’. The juncture between khaɁ and what follows is close:

phyêibyêi θwâbá ‘go slowly’: khapphyêibyêi θwâbá ‘go rather slowly’; khaccîjî ‘rather big’; khayyòyò ‘rather slack’; khathlânhlân ‘not very far’; khawwêiwêi ‘rather far’.

172. Doubled nouns are noun expressions which consist of two noun members. The noun members may be the same noun repeated (173); the parts of a dissyllabic noun repeated (174); two different nouns (175); the same noun repeated with ta- prefixed to the first member (176); the same noun repeated, or two different nouns, with ta- prefixed to both parts (177).

When the members of a doubled noun are the same noun repeated, the juncture is close. When the noun members are derived nouns in Ɂa- (150) or ta- (151), the Ɂa- or ta- of the second member is dropped. When the nouns are independent nouns, which do not have Ɂa- or ta‑, Ɂa- is prefixed to the prior member:

Ɂamyôu ‘race, people’: Ɂamyôumyôu ‘various on all races’; Ɂasà ‘start, beginning’: Ɂayá ‘place’: Ɂasàzà Ɂayáyá šádé ‘(I) kooked everywhere’.

taphyêibyêi phappá ‘read slowly’; talwêlwê loutté ‘(he) did it wrong’.

myòu ‘city’: Ɂamyòumyòu ‘cities, in general’; ywá ‘village’: Ɂaywáywá ‘villages, in general’.

When the members of a doubled noun are the parts of a dissyllabic noun with a modifier accompanying each part, the juncture is open between the two parts:

seilleɁ ‘mind’: Ɂêidé ‘is cool’: seiɁɁêi leɁɁêi ‘relaxed’: seiɁɁêi leɁɁêi shóuðalóu taphyêibyêi θwâmé ‘(I) will go slowly, relaxed, as the saying is’.

When the members of a doubled noun are two different nouns, the junc-