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, Third Edition "character," "character concept, idea, or style," or a character's generalized personality, conduct, temperament, or costume. If the applicant uses these terms, the registration specialist may ask the applicant to remove them from the claim. Likewise, if the deposit material contains a well-known or recognizable character, the specialist may ask the applicant to exclude that preexisting material from the claim if the applicant fails to complete the Limitation of Claim portion of the application.

Examples:

• Charles Crest creates a sketch of a field mouse with a straw hat and a mischievous grin. He intends to use the sketch in an animated film. He files an application that asserts a claim in "two-dimensional artwork" and "character." The registration specialist may ask Charles to limit the claim to the artwork and to remove the term "character" from the application.

• Chris Crow creates a series of drawings featuring a stylized flamingo in several poses and wearing different hats. He files an application to register his drawings under the title "Concept Drawings for Character Designs" and he asserts a claim in "two-dimensional artwork." The registration specialist may register the claim and may send the applicant a warning letter noting that the registration covers only the specific sketches included in the deposit.

• Chloe Crown creates a series of drawings depicting several well- known comic book characters. She files an application that asserts a claim in "character redesigns" or "new versions of characters." The registration specialist may ask Chloe if she has permission to prepare these derivative works and to clarify the derivative authorship that she contributed to the preexisting material.

912 Cartoons, Comic Strips, and Comic Books

Cartoons, comic strips, and comic books typically contain pictorial expression or a combination of pictorial and written expression. These types of works may be registered as visual art works or literary works, depending on the nature of the expression that the author contributed to the work. If the work contains pictorial material or a substantial amount of pictorial material combined with text, the applicant should select Work of the Visual Arts (in the case of an online application] or Form VA (in the case of a paper application). If the work mostly contains text with a small amount of pictorial material, the applicant should select Literary Work for an online application or Form TX for a paper application. If the types of authorship are roughly equal, the applicant may use any type of application that is appropriate.

A registration for a cartoon, comic strip, or comic book only covers the specific work that is submitted to the U.S. Copyright Office. The Office does not offer so-called "blanket registrations" that cover prior or subsequent iterations of the same work. For example, a registration for a comic strip that depicts a particular character covers the expression set forth in that particular strip, but it does not cover the character per se or any other

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