Page:Copyright Act of Japan (2006).djvu/3

 server and putting into operation computer programs for transmission or reception the last to occur of such series of acts shall be considered to constitute the act of connection.
 * (x) "maker of a cinematographic work" means the person who takes the initiative in, and the responsibility for, the making of a cinematographic work;
 * (x-2) "computer program" means an expression of a combination of instructions to cause a computer to function in order to be able to obtain a certain result;
 * (x-3) "database" means a collection of information, such as dissertations, numerical values or diagrams, which is systematically organized so that such information can be searched by use of a computer;
 * (xi) "derivative work" means a work created by translating, arranging musically, or transforming, or dramatizing, cinematizing or otherwise adapting a pre-existing work;
 * (xii) "work of joint authorship" means a work collaboratively created by two or more persons with respect to which the contribution of each person cannot be severed and separately exploited;
 * (xiii) "sound recording" means the fixation of sound on an object and also the production of one or more copies of such fixation;
 * (xiv) "visual recording" means the fixation of a sequence of images on an object and also the production of one or more copies of such fixation;
 * (xv) "reproduction" means the reproduction in a tangible form by means of printing, photography, photocopy, sound or visual recording or other methods; and
 * (a) in the case of [play/film] scripts and other similar dramatic works, "reproduction" includes sound and visual recording of the stage performances, broadcasts or wire-broadcasts of said works; and
 * (b) in the case of architectural works, "reproduction" includes the completion of building in accordance with the drawings therefor;
 * (xvi) "stage performance" means the performance of a work, excluding, however, musical performances ("musical performances" include singing; the same shall apply hereinafter);
 * (xvii) "screen presentation" means the projection of a work (other than a publicly transmitted work) on a screen or other object, and includes the replaying, in accompaniment with such projection, of sounds which have been fixed in a cinematographic work;
 * (xviii) "recitation" means oral communication by means of reading aloud or any other method, but excluding any oral communication falling within the term "performance";
 * (xix) "distribution" means the transfer or rental of reproductions of a work to the public, whether with or without charge, and in the case of cinematographic

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