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 of protection shall be considered as the country of its origin.

Lawful translations shall be protected in the same manner as original works. The translators of works in regard to which there exists no guaranteed right of property, or the right of which may have become extinguished, may secure the right of property for their translations, as established in Article 3, but they shall not prevent the publication of other translations of the same work.

Newspaper articles may be reproduced, but the publication from which they are taken must be mentioned, and the name of the author given, if it should appear in the same.

Copyright shall be recognized in favor of the persons whose names or acknowledged pseudonyms are stated in the respective literary or artistic work or in the petition to which Article 4 of this Convention refers, excepting case of proof to the contrary.

Addresses delivered or read in deliberative assemblies, before the courts of justice, and in public meetings may be published in the newspaper press without any special authorization.

The reproduction in publications devoted to public instruction or chrestomathy of fragments of literary or artistic works confers no right of property, and may therefore be freely made in all the signatory countries.

All unauthorized indirect use of a literary or artistic work which does not present the character of an original work shall be considered as an unlawful reproduction.