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 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS 617

The preceding provisions Also any apply to the reproduction analogous or production obtained by Production any other process analog- ous to that of the cinemato- graph.

Article XI

In order that the authors of works protected by the present Convention shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be considered as such, and be consequent- ly admitted to institute pro- ceedings against piracies be- fore the courts of the various countries of the Union, it will be sufficient that their name be indicated on the work in the accustomed manner.

For anonymous or pseu- donymous works, the pub- lisher whose name is indi- cated on the work is enti- tled to protect the rights belonging to the author. He is, without other proof, re- puted the lawful represen- tative of the anonymous or pseudonymous author.

It is, nevertheless, agreed that the tribunals may, if necessary, require the pro- duction of a certificate from the competent authority to the effect that the formali- ties prescribed by law in the

Article 15

In order that the authors of works protected by the present Convention shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be considered as such, and be consequent- ly admitted to institute pro- ceedings against pirates be- fore the courts of the various countries of the Union, it will be sufficient that their name be indicated on the work in the accustomed manner.

For anonymous or pseu- donymous works, the pub- lisher whose name is indi- cated on the work is enti- tled to protect the rights belonging to the author. He is, without other proof, re- puted the lawful represen- tative of the anonymous or pseudonymous author.

Author's name on work as proof of authorship

Publisher of anonymous or pseudony- mous works considered as represen- tative of author