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 INTERNATIONAL IN AMERICA 355

ican authors, including Longfellow, Holmes, Emerson, Approval of and Whittier, in a memorial dated August, 1880. The ^l^^^^ American members of the International Copyright Committee, appointed by the Association for the Re- form and Codification of the Law of Nations, John Jay, James Grant Wilson and Nathan Appleton, also memorialized the Secretary of State, under date of February 11, 1880, in favor of this general plan, specifying "within from one to three months" as the manufacturing limit. It was also approved by the great body of American publishers, although the Put- nam, Scribner, Holt and Roberts firms in signing took exception to certain of the restrictions, especially to the time limit of three months. George Haven Put- nam set forth the views of his house in a paper before the New York Free Trade Club, January 29, 1879, afterward printed as Economic Monograph no. XV., "International copyright considered in some of its relations to ethics and political economy." In this he suggested simultaneous registration in both countries, republication within six months, and restriction of copyright protection here for the first ten years of the term to books printed and bound in the United States and published by an American citizen.

An interesting series of replies from American au- thors, publishers, etc., as to methods for international copyright, to queries from the Publishers' Weekly will be found in v. 15, commencing with no. 7, February 15, 1879.

The " Harper draft " was submitted in September, Granville 1880, by Tames Russell Lowell, then American Min- negotiations, ister at London, to Earl Granville, who replied, March, 1881, that the British government favored such a treaty, but considered an extension of the re- publication term to six months essential, and to twelve months much more equitable. In the same month