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 his liberal views, and approves of the national institutions which it is the intention of that Monarch to grant to the Polish nation.”

“His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, on his side, will not cease to watch over the welfare of his Polish subjects, with that paternal care and impartial justice, which he distributes alike amongst the different classes of subjects which Providence has subjected to his sway.”

“Russia has declared, that the best security for the repose and the vigour of nations, consists in the happiness of the people, and that this happiness is inseparable from the righteous care of the rulers over the nationality and customs of their subjects. The Emperor is of opinion that he cannot better express the conformity of his own intentions in the present instance, with the maxim laid down, than by directing his plenipotentiaries to declare that he entirely agrees with the sentiments expressed by Lord Castlereagh in his memorial of the wishes of his Court, as to the future lot of the Poles, and with the reply made on the 19th of January last, by order of the Emperor of Russia, to that declaration.”

On the 3d of May, 1815, a treaty was concluded between Russia and Austria, of which the preamble is as follows:—“In the name of the holy and united Trinity, his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, and his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, and his Majesty the King of Prussia, being equally desirous of a friendly understanding, as to the measures the most likely to secure the welfare of the Poles in the new relations in which they have been placed by the Changes in the political state of the Duchy of Warsaw, and wishing, at the same time to extend the effect of these beneficial arrangements to the provinces and districts which composed the ancient kingdom of Poland, making the most liberal arrangements which circumstances have rendered possible, and facilitating as much as possible by their arrangements the commercial intercourse of the respective inhabitants, we have agreed to draw up two separate treaties; the one to be concluded between Russia and Austria, the other between the first-mentioned