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 Kosciusko, as will be shewn hereafter by a letter from this Lithuanian. By these promises the Emperor Alexander secured the support of the Poles, in his pretensions to the Duchy of Warsaw. “Prince Talleyrand,” says Mr. de Flassan, a Frenchman who was present at the Congress of Vienna, “was authorised by his instructors to grant to the Russian court only, so much of the Duchy of Warsaw as was within the Vistula; leaving the rest for the Prussians, which would have proportionably diminished the requisite Saxon concessions; but Russia, trusting to her strength, and to the support of the Poles, who were won by the hope, of being again a nation, would not hear of this composition.”

The Grand Duke Constantine, who had left Vienna the 9th of November, thus addressed the Poles on the 11th of the following December:—“The Emperor, your powerful Protector, appeals to you. Rally round his standard! Let your hands be armed for the defence of your country, and the preservation of your political existence. Whilst your august Monarch is preparing the future destiny of your country, show yourselves ready to support his noble efforts at the expense of your blood!”

Count Nesselrode announced at the Congress of Vienna, that eight million Poles were resolved to defend their national independence. In the same spirit, the Emperor of Russia, in his general proposals to the Austrian and English plenipotentiaries, in 1814, intercedes (Article 8) with the Emperor of Austria, and the King of Prussia, in favour of their Polish subjects, to obtain for them Provincial institutions which may preserve a due regard to their nationality, and admit them to share in the administration of their country.

In this state of affairs, Lord Castlereagh finding himself unable to obtain what he had demanded, determined to enter a solemn protest in favour of Poland, at the same time that he made known to the other powers, his principal reason for acquiescing in the Russian demands.

In a note to the CommitteeeCommittee [sic] for Polish and Saxon affairs, (January 12), Lord Castlereagh says, that “without retracting