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 judge, and in that capacity had inflicted upon the accused a long and painful imprisonment.

Krzyzanowski and Majewski, condemned by the High National Court, to suffer imprisonment in their own country, were carried off into Russia, and it is unknown at the present hour, what has become of them.

We have already remarked upon the violations of property, committed by virtue of the royal decrees. Similar violations were every day committed by government orders from the lieutevant or from the ministers, and if the aggrieved, by applying to the tribunals, obtained judgment against the government authorities, this judgment was perpetually reversed by a commission of arbitration, consisting of counsellors of State, removable at pleasure.

We have before observed that the Russian commissioner, Mr. Nowosylsoff, took an active part in the administration of the country. When the emperor Nicholas was crowned, he nominated (at the instigation of the grand duke) several senators who were not landed proprietors in the kingdom; they were principally selected from public officers who had nothing to live upon but their salaries, and were distinguished for their servility to the will of his imperial Highness. Amongst them was also the counsellor of State, who had countersigned the decree by which (conformably to the grand duke’s order, as transmitted through General Courouta) the publication of the sentence of the High National Court respecting Soltyk and others was suspended. Such nominations were, of course, designed to render the senate more submissive towards the grand duke.