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 expenditure, and the duties of the Committee of Supply have been performed.

The estimates are always submitted “on the collective responsibility of the whole cabinet.” “The army and navy estimates have, as a rule, been considered and settled in cabinet council before being submitted to the House; and the collective responsibility of the Ministry is in this case, therefore, not technical merely, but substantial.” If the estimates are resisted and rejected by the Committee, the ministers, of course, resign. They “cannot acquiesce in a refusal on the part of parliament to sanction the expenditure which” they “have assumed the responsibility of declaring necessary for the support of the civil government, and the maintenance of the public credit at home and abroad.” The votes in Committee of Supply are, therefore, vital in the history of every administration, being taken as sure indexes of the amount of confidence placed by the House in the government.

But the votes in Committee of Supply are only the first steps in parliament’s annual supervision of the public finances. They are simply the spending votes. In order to consider the means by which money is to be raised to meet the outlays sanctioned by the Committee of Supply, the House resolves itself into Committee of the Whole, under the name of the Committee of Ways